Radiocarbon serves as a powerful dating tool, but the calibration of marine radiocarbon dates presents significant challenges because the whole surface ocean cannot be represented by a single calibration curve. Here we use climate model outputs and data to assess a novel method for developing regional marine calibration curves. Our results are encouraging and point to a way forward for solving the marine radiocarbon age calibration problem without relying on model simulations of the past.

The multiple-diffusion domain (MDD) model quantifies the temperature dependence of noble gas diffusivity in minerals. However, current methods for tuning MDD parameters can yield biased results, leading to underestimates of sample temperatures through geologic time. Our "MDD Tool Kit" software optimizes all MDD parameters simultaneously, overcoming these biases. We then apply this software to a previously published ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dataset (Wong, 2023) to showcase its efficacy.

Cosmogenic nuclide geochronology requires accurately scaling production rates with altitude. The energy spectrum of cosmic radiation changes with altitude, and reactions that are sensitive to different energies may have different scaling behavior. Here, we model the altitude scaling of ³⁶Cl production from Fe and evaluate this model against calibration data. The data are broadly consistent with the prediction of larger-altitude scaling factors for ³⁶Cl from Fe than for other reactions.

We have discovered a new way of measuring the three-dimensional distribution of radioactive elements in individual crystals by shining a very bright light on apatite crystals at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. This allows us to learn about the rates and timing of geologic processes and to help resolve problems that previously were unsolvable because we had no way to make this type of measurement.

This paper describes how krypton isotopes produced by nuclear fission can be used to determine the age of microscopic particles of used nuclear fuel. This is potentially useful for international safeguard applications aimed at tracking and identifying nuclear materials, as well as geoscience applications involving dating post-1950s sediments or understanding environmental transport of nuclear materials.

Dating the roots of plate boundaries is essential for understanding geologic processes, but geochemical limitations, particularly in young mafic rocks, make this challenging. Advancements in mass spectrometry now enable high-resolution analysis of micro-domains. We assess these limitations by dating rocks from Syros. Multi-phase mineral analysis improves age uncertainty 6-fold. We emphasize the importance of the local geologic context and propose strategies to mitigate uncertainties.

Decay of U to Pb in baddeleyite is used for dating mafic rocks, but some daughter Pb atoms can be ejected out of the crystal, resulting in ages that seem too young. Atom probe tomography was used to map U and Pb atoms in 3D within baddeleyite crystals and estimate the average distance that Pb atoms are displaced by recoil. This allows us to test the relationship between crystal size and apparent age. There is also evidence for clustering of U atoms, inviting more work on how this may occur.

We present a pioneering method for high-precision U–Pb dating of individual growth zones in zircon. These micrometer zones in single grains can record key geological processes from magma priming prior to eruptions to planetary formation, yet dating them at high precision has so far been technically challenging. Our method employs two cutting-edge microbeam techniques to microsample these growth zones for high-precision dating, allowing us to tackle a number of outstanding research questions.

Cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating is an exceptional tool for reconstructing glacier histories, but reconstructions based on common target nuclides (e.g., ¹⁰Be) can be costly and time-consuming to generate. Here, we present a cost-effective proof-of-concept ²¹Ne exposure age chronology from Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA, USA, that broadly agrees with nearby ¹⁰Be chronologies but at lower precision.

Goethite is one of the most common Fe-(oxy)hydroxide minerals that is formed during hydrolyzation of rocks, implying it is a desired mineral for dating various surface and subsurface geological processes. Nowadays (U–Th) / He dating of goethite is widely used in geochronological studies. Here, in the example of goethite from the Chukchi Borderland, we introduce a new, simple methodological approach for accurate (U–Th) / He dating of goethite.

We study the use of zircons as dosimeters using modern techniques, highlighting their advantages such as time-invariant dose rates. We explore the correlation between zircon geochemistry and luminescence properties, observe fast zircon optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) bleaching rates, and assess the potential of auto-regeneration. Low OSL sensitivities require combining natural OSL and auto-regenerated thermoluminescence (TL), with the potential to enhance age accuracy and precision.

Understanding how volcanic landscapes evolve through time is important for constraining the role volcanism plays in driving variations in geography, climate, and ocean circulation. A powerful tool for understanding the chronologic history of a terrain is detrital geochronology. However, traditional detrital geochronology is restricted to felsic minerals. Here we build upon methods for determining the timing of mafic volcanic terrain using argon geochronology on grains of Icelandic sand.

The (U–Th–Sm) / He dating method helps understand the cooling history of rocks. Synthetic modelling experiments were conducted to explore factors affecting in situ vs. whole-grain (U–Th) / He dates. In situ dates are often 30 % older than whole-grain dates, whereas very rapid cooling makes helium loss negligible, resulting in similar whole-grain and in situ dates. In addition, in situ data can reveal cooling histories even from a single grain by measuring helium distributions.