Articles | Volume 4, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-191-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-191-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Apr 2022
Research article |
| 07 Apr 2022
| 07 Apr 2022
Cosmogenic ages indicate no MIS 2 refugia in the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
Jason P. Briner
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
James F. Baichtal
Tongass National Forest, Thorne Bay, AK 99919, USA
Alia J. Lesnek
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY Queens College,
Flushing, NY 11367, USA
Joseph M. Licciardi
Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Windows of opportunity for the peopling of the Americas A. Lesnek https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300979120
- Equilibrium line altitudes of alpine glaciers in Alaska suggest Last Glacial Maximum summer temperature was 2–5 °C lower than during the pre-industrial C. Walcott et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-91-2024
- Ice and ocean constraints on early human migrations into North America along the Pacific coast S. Praetorius et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208738120
- Spatial inference of ancestor locations suggests northern refugia for canopy‐forming kelps in the Pacific Northwest J. Bemmels et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71293
- Unraveling the complex biogeographic and anthropogenic history of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in Alaska K. Young et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyae065
- Perspectives on a Post-White Sands Coast: Re-Evaluating Research into Early Peopling of the Northwest Coast of North America B. Letham https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2024.2318129
- Stranded shorelines in prince William sound, southern Alaska: Testing the applicability of pacific coast archaeological discovery models J. White & J. Johnson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109844
- Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska F. da Silva Coelho et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16960
- A paleogenome from a Holocene individual supports genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska A. Aqil et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106581
- Volcanic trigger of ocean deoxygenation during Cordilleran ice sheet retreat J. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05267-y
- Late Pleistocene vegetation and climate history of northern Vancouver Island, Canada: spatiotemporal variation in deglacial ecology along the Pacific margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet C. Hebda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109955
- Technical note: Optimizing the in situ cosmogenic 36Cl extraction and measurement workflow for geologic applications A. Lesnek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024
- The Northeast Pacific Ocean and Northwest Coast of North America within the global climate system, 29,000 to 11,700 years ago D. Mann & B. Gaglioti https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104782
- Latest Pleistocene and Holocene local glacial history of Baranof Island, southeast Alaska T. McDonald & J. Briner https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2026.10079
- Founder effects identify languages of the earliest Americans J. Nichols https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24923
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Windows of opportunity for the peopling of the Americas A. Lesnek https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300979120
- Equilibrium line altitudes of alpine glaciers in Alaska suggest Last Glacial Maximum summer temperature was 2–5 °C lower than during the pre-industrial C. Walcott et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-91-2024
- Ice and ocean constraints on early human migrations into North America along the Pacific coast S. Praetorius et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208738120
- Spatial inference of ancestor locations suggests northern refugia for canopy‐forming kelps in the Pacific Northwest J. Bemmels et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.71293
- Unraveling the complex biogeographic and anthropogenic history of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in Alaska K. Young et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyae065
- Perspectives on a Post-White Sands Coast: Re-Evaluating Research into Early Peopling of the Northwest Coast of North America B. Letham https://doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2024.2318129
- Stranded shorelines in prince William sound, southern Alaska: Testing the applicability of pacific coast archaeological discovery models J. White & J. Johnson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109844
- Ancient bears provide insights into Pleistocene ice age refugia in Southeast Alaska F. da Silva Coelho et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16960
- A paleogenome from a Holocene individual supports genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska A. Aqil et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106581
- Volcanic trigger of ocean deoxygenation during Cordilleran ice sheet retreat J. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05267-y
- Late Pleistocene vegetation and climate history of northern Vancouver Island, Canada: spatiotemporal variation in deglacial ecology along the Pacific margin of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet C. Hebda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109955
- Technical note: Optimizing the in situ cosmogenic 36Cl extraction and measurement workflow for geologic applications A. Lesnek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024
- The Northeast Pacific Ocean and Northwest Coast of North America within the global climate system, 29,000 to 11,700 years ago D. Mann & B. Gaglioti https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104782
- Latest Pleistocene and Holocene local glacial history of Baranof Island, southeast Alaska T. McDonald & J. Briner https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2026.10079
- Founder effects identify languages of the earliest Americans J. Nichols https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24923
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 07 Sep 2026
Short summary
We present a record of ice retreat from the northern Alexander Archipelago, Alaska. During the last ice age (~ 26 000–19 000 years ago), these islands were covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. We tested whether islands were ice-free during the last ice age for human migrants moving from Asia to the Americas. We found that these islands became ice-free between ~ 15 100 years ago and ~ 16 000 years ago, and thus these islands were not suitable for human habitation during the last ice age.
We present a record of ice retreat from the northern Alexander Archipelago, Alaska. During the...
