Articles | Volume 4, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-153-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-153-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 29 Mar 2022
| 29 Mar 2022
Comparison of basin-scale in situ and meteoric 10Be erosion and denudation rates in felsic lithologies across an elevation gradient at the George River, northeast Tasmania, Australia
Leah A. VanLandingham
Department of Geography and Geology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
Eric W. Portenga
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography and Geology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
Edward C. Lefroy
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart 7001, Australia
Amanda H. Schmidt
Department of Geosciences, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
Paul R. Bierman
Rubenstein School for Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
Alan J. Hidy
Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Paul R. Bierman, Andrew J. Christ, Catherine M. Collins, Halley M. Mastro, Juliana Souza, Pierre-Henri Blard, Stefanie Brachfeld, Zoe R. Courville, Tammy M. Rittenour, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Jean-Louis Tison, and François Fripiat
The Cryosphere, 18, 4029–4052, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In 1966, the U.S. Army drilled through the Greenland Ice Sheet at Camp Century, Greenland; they recovered 3.44 m of frozen material. Here, we decipher the material’s history. Water, flowing during a warm interglacial when the ice sheet melted from northwest Greenland, deposited the upper material which contains fossil plant and insect parts. The lower material, separated by more than a meter of ice with some sediment, is till, deposited by the ice sheet during a prior cold period.
Christopher Halsted, Paul Bierman, Alexandru Codilean, Lee Corbett, and Marc Caffee
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-22, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for GChron
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment generation on hillslopes and transport through river networks are complex processes that influence landscape evolution. In this study compiled sand from over 600 river basins and measured its (very subtle) radioactivity to unravel timelines of sediment routing around the world. With this data we empirically confirm that sediment from large lowland basins in tectonically stable regions typically experiences long periods of burial, while sediment moves rapidly through small upland basins.
Marie Bergelin, Greg Balco, Lee B. Corbett, and Paul R. Bierman
Geochronology, 6, 491–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-491-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-491-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides, such as 10Be, are rare isotopes produced in rocks when exposed at Earth's surface and are valuable for understanding surface processes and landscape evolution. However, 10Be is usually measured in quartz minerals. Here we present advances in efficiently extracting and measuring 10Be in the pyroxene mineral. These measurements expand the use of 10Be as a dating tool for new rock types and provide opportunities to understand landscape processes in areas that lack quartz.
Alia J. Lesnek, Joseph M. Licciardi, Alan J. Hidy, and Tyler S. Anderson
Geochronology, 6, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an improved workflow for extracting and measuring chlorine isotopes in rocks and minerals. Experiments on seven geologic samples demonstrate that our workflow provides reliable results while offering several distinct advantages over traditional methods. Most notably, our workflow reduces the amount of isotopically enriched chlorine spike used per rock sample by up to 95 %, which will allow researchers to analyze more samples using their existing laboratory supplies.
Peyton M. Cavnar, Paul R. Bierman, Jeremy D. Shakun, Lee B. Corbett, Danielle LeBlanc, Gillian L. Galford, and Marc Caffee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2233, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2233, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the Laurentide Ice Sheet’s erosivity before and during the Last Glacial Maximum, we sampled sand deposited by ice in eastern Canada before final deglaciation. We also sampled modern river sand. The 26Al and 10Be measured in glacial deposited sediments suggests that ice remained during some Pleistocene warm periods and was an inefficient eroder. Similar concentrations of 26Al and 10Be in modern sand suggests that most modern river sediment is sourced from glacial deposits.
Catherine M. Collins, Nicolas Perdrial, Pierre-Henri Blard, Nynke Keulen, William C. Mahaney, Halley Mastro, Juliana Souza, Donna M. Rizzo, Yves Marrocchi, Paul C. Knutz, and Paul R. Bierman
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2194, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
The Camp Century sub-glacial core stores information about past climates, glacial and interglacial processes in northwest Greenland. In this study, we investigated the core archive making large scale observations using CT scans and micron scale observation observing physical and chemical characteristics of individual grains. We find evidence of past ice-free conditions, weathering processes during warmer periods, and past glaciations.
Greg Balco, Alan J. Hidy, William T. Struble, and Joshua J. Roering
Geochronology, 6, 71–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-71-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-71-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new method of reconstructing the long-term, pre-observational frequency and/or intensity of wildfires in forested landscapes using trace concentrations of the noble gases helium and neon that are formed in soil mineral grains by cosmic-ray bombardment of the Earth's surface.
Eric W. Portenga, David J. Ullman, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 5, 413–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New exposure ages of glacial erratics on moraines on Isle Royale – the largest island in North America's Lake Superior – show that the Laurentide Ice Sheet did not retreat from the island nor the south shores of Lake Superior until the early Holocene, which is later than previously thought. These new ages unify regional ice retreat histories from the mainland, the Lake Superior lake-bottom stratigraphy, underwater moraines, and meltwater drainage pathways through the Laurentian Great Lakes.
Jacob T. H. Anderson, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink, Alan J. Hidy, Gary S. Wilson, Klaus Wilcken, Andrey Abramov, and Nikita Demidov
The Cryosphere, 17, 4917–4936, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4917-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4917-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic permafrost processes are not widely studied or understood in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Our data show that near-surface permafrost sediments were deposited ~180 000 years ago in Pearse Valley, while in lower Wright Valley sediments are either vertically mixed after deposition or were deposited < 25 000 years ago. Our data also record Taylor Glacier retreat from Pearse Valley ~65 000–74 000 years ago and support antiphase dynamics between alpine glaciers and sea ice in the Ross Sea.
Allie Balter-Kennedy, Joerg M. Schaefer, Roseanne Schwartz, Jennifer L. Lamp, Laura Penrose, Jennifer Middleton, Jean Hanley, Bouchaïb Tibari, Pierre-Henri Blard, Gisela Winckler, Alan J. Hidy, and Greg Balco
Geochronology, 5, 301–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides like 10Be are rare isotopes created in rocks exposed at the Earth’s surface and can be used to understand glacier histories and landscape evolution. 10Be is usually measured in the mineral quartz. Here, we show that 10Be can be reliably measured in the mineral pyroxene. We use the measurements to determine exposure ages and understand landscape processes in rocks from Antarctica that do not have quartz, expanding the use of this method to new rock types.
Benjamin J. Stoker, Martin Margold, John C. Gosse, Alan J. Hidy, Alistair J. Monteath, Joseph M. Young, Niall Gandy, Lauren J. Gregoire, Sophie L. Norris, and Duane Froese
The Cryosphere, 16, 4865–4886, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4865-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4865-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Laurentide Ice Sheet was the largest ice sheet to grow and disappear in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glaciation. In northwestern Canada, it covered the Mackenzie Valley, blocking the migration of fauna and early humans between North America and Beringia and altering the drainage systems. We reconstruct the timing of ice sheet retreat in this region and the implications for the migration of early humans into North America, the drainage of glacial lakes, and past sea level rise.
Adrian M. Bender, Richard O. Lease, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Marc W. Caffee, James V. Jones, and Doug Kreiner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1041–1053, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1041-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1041-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand landscape evolution in the mineral resource-rich Yukon River basin (Alaska and Canada), we mapped and cosmogenic isotope-dated river terraces along the Charley River. Results imply widespread Yukon River incision that drove increased Bering Sea sedimentation and carbon sequestration during global climate changes 2.6 and 1 million years ago. Such erosion may have fed back to late Cenozoic climate change by reducing atmospheric carbon as observed in many records worldwide.
Marie Bergelin, Jaakko Putkonen, Greg Balco, Daniel Morgan, Lee B. Corbett, and Paul R. Bierman
The Cryosphere, 16, 2793–2817, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2793-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-2793-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier ice contains information on past climate and can help us understand how the world changes through time. We have found and sampled a buried ice mass in Antarctica that is much older than most ice on Earth and difficult to date. Therefore, we developed a new dating application which showed the ice to be 3 million years old. Our new dating solution will potentially help to date other ancient ice masses since such old glacial ice could yield data on past environmental conditions on Earth.
Mae Kate Campbell, Paul R. Bierman, Amanda H. Schmidt, Rita Sibello Hernández, Alejandro García-Moya, Lee B. Corbett, Alan J. Hidy, Héctor Cartas Águila, Aniel Guillén Arruebarrena, Greg Balco, David Dethier, and Marc Caffee
Geochronology, 4, 435–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used cosmogenic radionuclides in detrital river sediment to measure erosion rates of watersheds in central Cuba; erosion rates are lower than rock dissolution rates in lowland watersheds. Data from two different cosmogenic nuclides suggest that some basins may have a mixed layer deeper than is typically modeled and could have experienced significant burial after or during exposure. We conclude that significant mass loss may occur at depth through chemical weathering processes.
Sandra M. Braumann, Joerg M. Schaefer, Stephanie M. Neuhuber, Christopher Lüthgens, Alan J. Hidy, and Markus Fiebig
Clim. Past, 17, 2451–2479, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2451-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2451-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Glacier reconstructions provide insights into past climatic conditions and elucidate processes and feedbacks that modulate the climate system both in the past and present. We investigate the transition from the last glacial to the current interglacial and generate beryllium-10 moraine chronologies in glaciated catchments of the eastern European Alps. We find that rapid warming was superimposed by centennial-scale cold phases that appear to have influenced large parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Andrew J. Christ, Paul R. Bierman, Jennifer L. Lamp, Joerg M. Schaefer, and Gisela Winckler
Geochronology, 3, 505–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-505-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-505-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating is commonly used to constrain the timing of past glacier extents. However, Antarctic exposure age datasets are often scattered and difficult to interpret. We compile new and existing exposure ages of a glacial deposit with independently known age constraints and identify surface processes that increase or reduce the likelihood of exposure age scatter. Then we present new data for a previously unmapped and undated older deposit from the same region.
Melisa A. Diaz, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, Byron J. Adams, Diana H. Wall, Ian D. Hogg, Noah Fierer, and W. Berry Lyons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1363–1380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We collected soil surface samples and depth profiles every 5 cm (up to 30 cm) from 11 ice-free areas along the Shackleton Glacier, a major outlet glacier of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), and measured meteoric beryllium-10 and nitrate concentrations to understand the relationship between salts and beryllium-10. This relationship can help inform wetting history, landscape disturbance, and exposure duration.
Greg Balco, Benjamin D. DeJong, John C. Ridge, Paul R. Bierman, and Dylan H. Rood
Geochronology, 3, 1–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The North American Varve Chronology (NAVC) is a sequence of 5659 annual sedimentary layers that were deposited in proglacial lakes adjacent to the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet ca. 12 500–18 200 years ago. We attempt to synchronize this record with Greenland ice core and other climate records that cover the same time period by detecting variations in global fallout of atmospherically produced beryllium-10 in NAVC sediments.
Michal Ben-Israel, Ari Matmon, Alan J. Hidy, Yoav Avni, and Greg Balco
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 289–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-289-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-289-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Early-to-mid Miocene erosion rates were inferred using cosmogenic 21Ne measured in chert pebbles transported by the Miocene Hazeva River (~ 18 Ma). Miocene erosion rates are faster compared to Quaternary rates in the region. Faster Miocene erosion rates could be due to a response to topographic changes brought on by tectonic uplift, wetter climate in the region during the Miocene, or a combination of both.
Hannah S. Weiss, Paul R. Bierman, Yves Dubief, and Scott D. Hamshaw
The Cryosphere, 13, 3367–3382, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3367-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3367-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is devastating winter tourism. High-elevation, high-latitude ski centers have turned to saving snow over the summer. We present results of two field seasons to test and optimize over-summer snow storage at a midlatitude, low-elevation nordic ski center in the northeastern USA. In 2018, we tested coverings and found success overlaying 20 cm of wet woodchips with a reflective sheet. In 2019, we employed this strategy to a large pile and stored sufficient snow to open the ski season.
Greg Balco, Kimberly Blisniuk, and Alan Hidy
Geochronology, 1, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-1-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This article applies a new geochemical dating method to determine the age of sedimentary deposits useful in reconstructing slip rates on a major fault system.
Amanda H. Schmidt, Thomas B. Neilson, Paul R. Bierman, Dylan H. Rood, William B. Ouimet, and Veronica Sosa Gonzalez
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 819–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-819-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-819-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In order to test the assumption that erosion rates derived from Be-10 are not affected by increases in erosion due to contemporary agricultural land use, we measured erosion rates in three tributaries of the Mekong River. We find that in the most heavily agricultural landscapes, the apparent long-term erosion rate correlates best with measures of modern land use, suggesting that agriculture has eroded below the mixed layer and is affecting apparent erosion rates derived from Be-10.
Related subject area
Other
Krypton-85 chronometry of spent nuclear fuel
A 62 kyr geomagnetic palaeointensity record from the Taymyr Peninsula, Russian Arctic
Atmospherically produced beryllium-10 in annually laminated late-glacial sediments of the North American Varve Chronology
Greg Balco, Andrew J. Conant, Dallas D. Reilly, Dallin Barton, Chelsea D. Willett, and Brett H. Isselhardt
Geochronology, 6, 571–584, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-571-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-571-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes how krypton isotopes produced by nuclear fission can be used to determine the age of microscopic particles of used nuclear fuel. This is potentially useful for international safeguard applications aimed at tracking and identifying nuclear materials, as well as geoscience applications involving dating post-1950s sediments or understanding environmental transport of nuclear materials.
Stephanie Scheidt, Matthias Lenz, Ramon Egli, Dominik Brill, Martin Klug, Karl Fabian, Marlene M. Lenz, Raphael Gromig, Janet Rethemeyer, Bernd Wagner, Grigory Federov, and Martin Melles
Geochronology, 4, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-87-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-87-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Levinson-Lessing Lake in northern central Siberia provides an exceptional opportunity to study the evolution of the Earth's magnetic field in the Arctic. This is the first study carried out at the lake that focus on the palaeomagnetic record. It presents the relative palaeointensity and palaeosecular variation of the upper 38 m of sediment core Co1401, spanning ~62 kyr. A comparable high-resolution record of this time does not exist in the Eurasian Arctic.
Greg Balco, Benjamin D. DeJong, John C. Ridge, Paul R. Bierman, and Dylan H. Rood
Geochronology, 3, 1–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The North American Varve Chronology (NAVC) is a sequence of 5659 annual sedimentary layers that were deposited in proglacial lakes adjacent to the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet ca. 12 500–18 200 years ago. We attempt to synchronize this record with Greenland ice core and other climate records that cover the same time period by detecting variations in global fallout of atmospherically produced beryllium-10 in NAVC sediments.
Cited articles
Adams, B. A. and Ehlers, T.:
Deciphering topographic signals of glaciation and rock uplift in an active orogen: A case study from the Olympic Mountains, USA,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
42, 1680–1692, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4120, 2017.
Aguilar, G., Carretier, S., Regard, V., Vassallo, R., Riquelme, R., and Martinod, J.:
Grain size-dependent 10Be concentrations in alluvial stream sediment of the Huasco Valley, a semi-arid Andes region,
Quat. Geochronol.,
19, 163–172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2013.01.011, 2014.
Aldahan, A., Haiping, Y., and Possnert, G.:
Distribution of beryllium between solution and minerals (biotite and albite) under atmospheric conditions and variable pH,
Chem. Geol.,
156, 209–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00186-7, 1999.
Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J.:
A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements,
Quat. Geochronol.,
3, 174–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.12.001, 2008.
Barreto, H. N., Varajão, C. A. C., Braucher, R., Bourlès, D. L., Salgado, A. A. R., and Varajão, A. F. D. C.:
The impact of diamond extraction on natural denudation rates in the Diamantina Plateau (Minas Gerais, Brazil),
J. S. Am. Earth Sci.,
56, 357–364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2014.09.002, 2014.
Barrows, T. T., Stone, J. O., Fifield, L. K., and Cresswell, R. G.:
Late Pleistocene Glaciation of the Kosciuszko Massif, Snowy Mountains, Australia,
Quaternary Res.,
55, 179–189, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2216, 2001.
Barrows, T. T., Stone, J. O., Fifield, L. K., and Cresswell, R. G.:
The timing of the Last Glacial Maximum in Australia,
Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
21, 159–173, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00109-3, 2002.
Batley, G., Crawford, C., Moore, M., McNeil, J., Reid, J., Koehnken, L., and Ramsay, J.:
June 2010 Report of the George River Water Quality Panel,
George River Water Quality Panel, 8 pp., ISBN: 978-0-646-53794-8, 2010.
Belmont, P., Pazzaglia, F., and Gosse, J. C.:
Cosmogenic 10Be as a tracer for hillslope and channel sediment dynamics in the Clearwater River, western Washington State,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
264, 123–135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.013, 2007.
Beus, A. A.:
Beryllium: Evaluation of deposits during prospecting and exploratory work,
W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco and London, 161 pp., ISBN: 978-0716702184, 1962.
Bierman, P., and Steig, E. J.:
Estimating rates of denudation using cosmogenic isotope abundances in sediment,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
21, 125–139, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199602)21:2<125::AID-ESP511>3.0.CO;2-8, 1996.
Bleaney, A., Hickey, C. W., Stewart, M., Scammell, M., and Senjen, R.:
Preliminary investigations of toxicity in the Georges Bay catchment, Tasmania, Australia,
Int. J. Environ. Stud.,
72, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2014.988550, 2015.
BoM: Australian Groundwater Explorer, Australia Bureau of Meteorology, http://www.bom.gov.au/water/groundwater/explorer/index.shtml (last access: November 2021), 2015.
BoM: Climate Data Online, Australia Bureau of Meteorology [data set], http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/, last access: November 2021.
Braucher, R., Brown, E., Bourlès, D., and Colin, F.:
In situ produced 10Be measurements at great depths: implications for production rates by fast muons,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
211, 251–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00205-X, 2003.
Brown, E. T., Stallard, R. F., Larsen, M. C., Raisbeck, G. M., and Yiou, F.:
Denudation rates determined from the accumulation of in situ-produced 10Be in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
129, 193–202, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(94)00249-X, 1995.
Brown, L., Pavich, M. J., Hickman, R. E., Klein, J., and Middleton, R.:
Erosion of the eastern United States observed with 10Be,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
13, 441–457, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290130509, 1988.
Carretier, S., Regard, V., and Soual, C.:
Theoretical cosmogenic nuclide concentration in river bed load clasts: Does it depend on clast size?,
Quat. Geochronol.,
4, 108–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.11.004, 2009.
Carretier, S., Tolorza, V., Rodríguez, M., Pepin, E., Aguilar, G., Regard, V., Martinod, J., Riquelme, R., Bonnet, S., and Brichau, S.:
Erosion in the Chilean Andes between 27∘ S and 39∘ S: tectonic, climatic and geomorphic control,
J. Geol. Soc. London Sp.,
399, 401–418, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP399.16, 2015.
Carretier, S., Tolorza, V., Regard, V., Aguilar, G., Bermúdez, M. A., Martinod, J., Guyot, J. L., Hérail, G., and Riquelme, R.:
Review of erosion dynamics along the major NS climatic gradient in Chile and perspectives,
Geomorphology,
300, 45–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.10.016, 2018.
Cheetham, M. D. and Martin, J. C.:
Hope for the best, plan for the worst: Managing sediment input in the upper catchment whilst preparing for avulsion at the mouth,
Proceedings of the River Basin Management Society, 9th Australian Stream Management Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 12–15 August, p. 8, 2018.
Codilean, A. T., Munack, H., Cohen, T. J., Saktura, W. M., Gray, A., and Mudd, S. M.: OCTOPUS: an open cosmogenic isotope and luminescence database, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2123–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2123-2018, 2018.
Codilean, A. T., Fülöp, R.-H., Munack, H., Wilcken, K. M., Cohen, T. J., Rood, D. H., Fink, D., Bartley, R., Croke, J., and Fifield, L.:
Controls on denudation along the East Australian continental margin,
Earth-Sci. Rev.,
214, 103543, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103543, 2021.
Colhoun, E. A.:
Periglacial landforms and deposits of Tasmania: Periglacial and Permafrost Research in the Southern Hemisphere,
S. Afr. J. Sci.,
98, 55–63, 2002.
Corbett, L. B., Bierman, P. R., and Rood, D. H.:
An approach for optimizing in situ cosmogenic 10Be sample preparation,
Quat. Geochronol.,
33, 24–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2016.02.001, 2016.
Cosgrove, R.:
Late Pleistocene behavioural variation and time trends: the case from Tasmania,
Archaeol. Ocean.,
30, 83–104, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.1995.tb00333.x, 1995.
Cosgrove, R., Allen, J., and Marshall, B.:
Palaeo-ecology and Pleistocene human occupation in south central Tasmania,
Antiquity,
64, 59–78, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00077309, 1990.
Crawford, C. and White, C.: Establishment of an integrated water quality monitoring framework for Georges Bay, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, TAFI Internal Report, 80 pp., 2005.
Croke, J., Bartley, R., Chappell, J., Austin, J. M., Fifield, K., Tims, S. G., Thompson, C. J., and Furuichi, T.:
10Be-derived denudation rates from the Burdekin catchment: The largest contributor of sediment to the Great Barrier Reef,
Geomorphology,
241, 122–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.04.003, 2015.
Crowder, E., Rawlinson, N., Pilia, S., Cornwell, D. G., and Reading, A. M.:
Transdimensional ambient noise tomography of Bass Strait, southeast Australia, reveals the sedimentary basin and deep crustal structure beneath a failed continental rift,
Geophys. J. Int.,
217, 970–987, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz057, 2019.
Dannhaus, N., Wittmann, H., Krám, P., Christl, M., and von Blanckenburg, F.:
Catchment-wide weathering and erosion rates of mafic, ultramafic, and granitic rock from cosmogenic meteoric
Delunel, R., van der Beek, P. A., Carcaillet, J., Bourlès, D. L., and Valla, P. G.:
Frost-cracking control on catchment denudation rates: Insights from in situ produced 10Be concentrations in stream sediments (Ecrins–Pelvoux massif, French Western Alps),
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
293, 72–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.020, 2010.
Delunel, R., Schlunegger, F., Valla, P. G., Dixon, J., Glotzbach, C., Hippe, K., Kober, F., Molliex, S., Norton, K. P., Salcher, B., Wittmann, H., Akçar, N., and Christl, M.:
Late-Pleistocene catchment-wide denudation patterns across the European Alps,
Earth-Sci. Rev.,
211, 103407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103407, 2020.
Deng, K., Yang, S., von Blanckenburg, F., and Wittmann, H.:
Denudation rate changes along a fast-eroding mountainous river with slate headwaters in Taiwan from 10Be (meteoric)
Dethier, D. P., Ouimet, W., Bierman, P. R., Rood, D. H., and Balco, G.:
Basins and bedrock: Spatial variation in 10Be erosion rates and increasing relief in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA,
Geology,
42, 167–170, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34922.1, 2014.
DPIPWE:
Water Information for George River at St. Helens Water Supply, Site ID 2205,
Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water, and Environment, https://portal.wrt.tas.gov.au/Data/Location/Summary/Location/2205-1/Interval/Latest, last access: November 2021a.
DPIPWE:
Water Information for Ransom River at Sweets Hill, Site ID 2217,
Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water, and Environment, https://portal.wrt.tas.gov.au/Data/Location/Summary/Location/2217-1/Interval/Latest, last access: November 2021b.
Eppes, M.-C. and Keanini, R.:
Mechanical weathering and rock erosion by climate-dependent subcritical cracking,
Rev. Geophys.,
55, 470–508, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000557, 2017.
Eppes, M.-C., Hancock, G. S., Chen, X., Arey, J., Dewers, T., Huettenmoser, J., Kiessling, S., Moser, F., Tannu, N., Weiserbs, B., and Whitten, J.:
Rates of subcritical cracking and long-term rock erosion,
Geology,
46, 951–954, https://doi.org/10.1130/G45256.1, 2018.
Esri:
World Topographic Map (no scale given), Esri, http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=30e5fe3149c34df1ba922e6f5bbf808f (last access: 12 February 2022), 2012.
Etheridge, M. A., Branson, J. C., and Stuart-Smith, P. G.: The Bass, Gippsland and Otway Basins, Southeast Australia: A branched rift system formed by continental extension, in Sedimentary Basins and Basin-Forming Mechanisms – Memoir 12, edited by: Beaumont, C. and Tankard, A. J., Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, 147–162, 1987.
Fellin, M. G., Chen, C.-Y., Willett, S. D., Christl, M., and Chen, Y.-G.:
Erosion rates across space and timescales from a multi-proxy study of rivers of eastern Taiwan,
Global Planet. Change,
157, 174–193, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.07.012, 2017.
Ferrier, K. L., Kirchner, J. W., and Finkel, R. C.:
Erosion rates over millennial and decadal timescales at Caspar Creek and Redwood Creek, northern California Coast Ranges,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
30, 1025–1038, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1260, 2005.
Fick, S. E. and Hijmans, R. J.:
WorldClim 2: new 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas,
Int. J. Climatol.,
37, 4302–4315, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086, 2017.
Foster, D. A. and Gray, D. R.:
Evolution and Structure of the Lachlan Fold Belt (Orogen) of Eastern Australia,
Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc.,
28, 47–80, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.47, 2000.
Fülöp, R.-H., Codilean, A. T., Wilcken, K. M., Cohen, T. J., Fink, D., Smith, A. M., Yang, B., Levchenko, V. A., Wacker, L., Marx, S. K., Stromsoe, N., Fujioka, T., and Dunai, T. J.:
Million-year lag times in a post-orogenic sediment conveyor,
Sci. Adv.,
6, eaaz8845, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz8845, 2020.
Gaina, C., Müller, D. R., Royer, J.-Y., Stock, J., Hardebeck, J., and Symonds, P.:
The tectonic history of the Tasman Sea: A puzzle with 13 pieces,
J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea.,
103, 12413–12433, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB00386, 1998.
Gallant, J., Wilson, N., Dowling, T., Read, A., and Inskeep, C.:
SRTM-derived 1 Second Digital Elevation Models Version 1.0. Record 1,
Geoscience Australia, 2011.
Gee, R. D. and Groves, D. I.:
Structural features and mode of emplacement of part of the blue tier batholith in Northeast Tasmania,
J. Geol. Soc. Aust.,
18, 41–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/00167617108728742, 1971.
Godard, V., Dosseto, A., Fleury, J., Bellier, O., and Siame, L.:
Transient landscape dynamics across the Southeastern Australian Escarpment,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
506, 397–406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.11.017, 2019.
Gonzalez, V. S., Bierman, P. R., Nichols, K. K., and Rood, D. H.:
Long-term erosion rates of Panamanian drainage basins determined using in situ 10Be,
Geomorphology,
275, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.025, 2016.
Gosse, J. C. and Phillips, F. M.:
Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application,
Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
20, 1475–1560, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00171-2, 2001.
Graham, I., Ditchburn, R., and Barry, B.:
Atmospheric deposition of 7Be and 10Be in New Zealand rain (1996–98),
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
67, 361–373, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01092-X, 2003.
Graly, J. A., Bierman, P. R., Reusser, L. J., and Pavich, M. J.:
Meteoric 10Be in soil profiles – A global meta-analysis,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
74, 6814–6829, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.036, 2010.
Graly, J. A., Reusser, L. J., and Bierman, P. R.:
Short and long-term delivery rates of meteoric 10Be to terrestrial soils,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
302, 329–336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.020, 2011.
Grande, A., Schmidt, A. H., Bierman, P. R., Corbett, L. B., López-Lloreda, C., Willenbring, J., McDowell, W. H., and Caffee, M. W.:
Landslides, hurricanes, and sediment sourcing impact basin-scale erosion estimates in Luquillo, Puerto Rico,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
562, 116821, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116821, 2021.
Granger, D. E., Kirchner, J. W., and Finkel, R.:
Spatially averaged long-term erosion rates measured from in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides in alluvial sediment,
J. Geol.,
104, 249–257, 1996.
Gray, D. R. and Foster, D. A.:
Tectonic evolution of the Lachlan Orogen, southeast Australia: Historical review, data synthesis and modern perspectives,
Aust. J. Earth Sci.,
51, 773–817, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1400-0952.2004.01092.x, 2004.
Greene, E. S.:
Comparing meteoric 10Be, in situ 10Be, and native 9Be across a diverse set of watersheds,
M.S., University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States, 118 pp., 2016.
Grew, E. S.:
Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry of Beryllium: An Introduction and List of Beryllium Minerals,
Rev. Mineral. Geochem.,
50, 1–76, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2202.50.01, 2002.
Griffiths, J. R.:
Continental margin tectonics and the evolution of south-east Australia,
APPEA Journal,
11, 75–79, https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ70013, 1971.
Gunn, P. J.:
Mesozoic-Cainozoic tectonics and igneous activity: Southeastern Australia,
J. Geol. Soc. Aust.,
22, 215–221, https://doi.org/10.1080/00167617508728889, 1975.
Hales, T. C. and Roering, J. J.:
Climatic controls on frost cracking and implications for the evolution of bedrock landscapes,
J. Geophys. Res.,
11, F02033, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000616, 2007.
Harel, M.-A., Mudd, S., and Attal, M.:
Global analysis of the stream power law parameters based on worldwide 10Be denudation rates,
Geomorphology,
268, 184–196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.035, 2016.
Harrison, E. J., Willenbring, J. K., and Brocard, G. Y.:
Quaternary record of terrestrial environmental change in response to climatic forcing and anthropogenic perturbations, in Puerto Rico,
Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
253, 106770, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106770, 2021.
Hayes, D. E. and Ringis, J.:
Seafloor Spreading in the Tasman Sea,
Nature,
243, 454–458, https://doi.org/10.1038/243454a0, 1973.
Heikkilä, U. and von Blanckenburg, F.:
The global distribution of Holocene meteoric 10Be fluxes from atmospheric models, Distribution maps for terrestrial Earth's surface applications, GFZ Data Services [data set], https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.4.2015.001, 2015.
Heisinger, B., Niedermayer, M., Hartmann, F., Korschinek, G., Nolte, E., Morteani, G., Neumaier, S., Petitjean, C., Kubik, P., and Synal, A.:
In-situ production of radionuclides at great depths,
Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B,
123, 341–346, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00702-1, 1997.
Helz, G. R. and Valette-Silver, N.:
Beryllium-10 in Chesapeake Bay sediments: An indicator of sediment provenance,
Estuar. Coast. Shelf S.,
34, 459–469, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80117-9, 1992.
Henck, A. C., Huntington, K. W., and Hallet, B.:
Spatial controls on erosion in the Three Rivers Region, southwest China,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
303, 71–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.038, 2011.
Higgins, N. C., Solomon, M., and Varne, R.:
The genesis of the Blue Tier Batholith, northeastern Tasmania, Australia,
Lithos,
18, 129–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(85)90015-5, 1985.
Huffman, G., Pendergrass, A., and National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds.):
The Climate Data Guide: TRMM: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, last modified 20 March 2021,
https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/trmm-tropical-rainfall-measuring-mission, last access: 20 March 2021.
Jerie, K., Houshold, I., and Peters, D.:
Tasmania's river geomorphology: stream character and regional analysis, Vol. 1, Nature Conservation Branch, Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water, and Environment, Nature Conservation Branch, DPIWE, Nature Conservation Report 03/5, 77 pp., 2003.
Jones, P. J., Williamson, G. J., Bowman, D. M. J. S., and Lefroy, E. C.:
Mapping Tasmania's cultural landscapes: Using habitat suitability modelling of archaeological sites as a landscape history tool,
J. Biogeogr.,
46, 2570–2582, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13684, 2019.
Jungers, M. C., Bierman, P. R., Matmon, A., Nichols, K., Larsen, J., and Finkel, R.:
Tracing hillslope sediment production and transport with in situ and meteoric 10Be,
J. Geophys. Res.,
114, F04020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001086, 2009.
Kidd, D., Malone, B., McBratney, A., Minasny, B., Odgers, N., Webb, M., and Searle, R.:
A new digital soil resource for Tasmania, Australia,
Proceedings 20th World Congress of Soil Science, Jeju, South Korea, 08–13 June, 612–613, 2014.
Kidd, D., Webb, M., Malone, B., Minasny, B., and McBratney, A.:
Eighty-metre resolution 3D soil attribute maps for Tasmania, Australia,
Soil Res.,
53, 932–955, https://doi.org/10.1071/SR14268, 2015.
Knighton, A.:
Channel bed adjustment along mine-affected rivers of northeast Tasmania,
Geomorphology,
4, 205–219, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(91)90004-T, 1991.
Koehnken, L.:
North-east rivers environmental review: A review of Tasmanian environmental quality data to 2001, Supervising Scientist Report 168,
Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 64 pp., 2001.
Kohl, C. P. and Nishiizumi, K.:
Chemical isolation of quartz for measurement of in-situ -produced cosmogenic nuclides,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
56, 3583–3587, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90401-4, 1992.
Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B., and Rubel, F.:
World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated,
Meteorol. Z.,
15, 259–263, https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130, 2006.
Kragt, M. E. and Newham, L. T.:
Developing a water-quality model for the George catchment, Tasmania,
Landscape Logic, 38 pp., 2009.
Lal, D.:
Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces: in situ nuclide production rates and erosion models,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
104, 424–439, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90220-C, 1991.
Land-Tasmania:
Fire History [of Tasmania],
Tasmania Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment,
https://www.thelist.tas.gov.au/app/content/data/geo-meta-data-record?detailRecordUID=b94d4388-995d-416a-9844-a39de2798bed (last access: November 2021), 2020.
Lanyon, R., Varne, R., and Crawford, A. J.:
Tasmanian Tertiary basalts, the Balleny plume, and opening of the Tasman Sea (southwest Pacific Ocean),
Geology,
21, 555–558, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0555:TTBTBP>2.3.CO;2, 1993.
London, D. and Evensen, J. M.:
Beryllium in silicic magmas and the origin of beryl-bearing pegmatites,
Rev. Mineral. Geochem.,
50, 445–486, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.50.11, 2002.
Mackintosh, A. N., Barrows, T. T., Colhoun, E. A., and Fifield, L. K.:
Exposure dating and glacial reconstruction at Mt. Field, Tasmania, Australia, identifies MIS 3 and MIS 2 glacial advances and climatic variability,
J. Quaternary Sci.,
21, 363–376, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.989, 2006.
Martin, J. and Cheetham, M.: Final Report: Lower George River Investigation,
Lower George Riverworks Trust, 41 pp., 2018.
Masarik, J. and Beer, J.:
An updated simulation of particle fluxes and cosmogenic nuclide production in the Earth's atmosphere,
J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
114, D11103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010557, 2009.
Matmon, A., Bierman, P., and Enzel, Y.:
Pattern and tempo of great escarpment erosion,
Geology,
30, 1135–1138, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1135:PATOGE>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
McCarthy, T. S. and Groves, D. I.:
The Blue Tier Batholith, Northeastern Tasmania,
Contrib. Mineral. Petr.,
71, 193–209, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00375436, 1979.
McDougall, I. and van der Lingen, G. J.:
Age of the rhyolites of the Lord Howe Rise and the evolution of the southwest Pacific Ocean,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
21, 117–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(74)90044-2, 1974.
McIntosh, P. D., Price, D. M., Eberhard, R., and Slee, A. J.:
Late Quaternary erosion events in lowland and mid-altitude Tasmania in relation to climate change and first human arrival,
Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
28, 850–872, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.003, 2009.
McKenny, C. and Shepherd, C.:
Ecological flow requirements for the George River, Report Series WRA 99/14,
Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Tasmania, 31 pp., 1999.
Mishra, A. K., Placzek, C., and Jones, R.:
Coupled influence of precipitation and vegetation on millennial-scale erosion rates derived from 10Be,
Plos One,
14, e0211325, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211325, 2019.
Mitchell, I. M., Crawford, C. M., and Rushton, M. J.:
Flat oyster (Ostrea angasi) growth and survival rates at Georges Bay, Tasmania (Australia),
Aquaculture,
191, 309–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00441-5, 2000.
Monaghan, M. C., Krishnaswami, S., and Turekian, K. K.:
The global-average production rate of 10Be,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
76, 279–287, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00124-5, 1986.
Mortimer, N., Campbell, H. J., Tulloch, A. J., King, P. R., Stagpoole, V. M., Wood, R. A., Rattenbury, M. S., Sutherland, R., Adams, C. J., Collot, J., and Seton, M.:
Zealandia: Earth's hidden continent,
GSA Today,
27, 27–35, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG321A.1, 2017.
Mount, R., Crawford, C., Veal, C., and White, C.:
Bringing back the bay: marine habitats and water quality in Georges Bay,
Break O'Day Council, 100 pp., 2005.
Neilson, T. B., Schmidt, A. H., Bierman, P. R., Rood, D. H., and Sosa Gonzalez, V.:
Efficacy of in situ and meteoric 10Be mixing in fluvial sediment collected from small catchments in China,
Chem. Geol.,
471, 119–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.024, 2017.
Nichols, K. K., Bierman, P. R., and Rood, D. H.:
10Be constrains the sediment sources and sediment yields to the Great Barrier Reef from the tropical Barron River catchment, Queensland, Australia,
Geomorphology,
224, 102–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.019, 2014.
Niemi, N. A., Oskin, M., Burbank, D. W., Heimsath, A. M., and Gabet, E. J.:
Effects of bedrock landslides on cosmogenically determined erosion rates,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
237, 480–498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.07.009, 2005.
Nishiizumi, K., Imamura, M., Caffee, M. W., Southon, J. R., Finkel, R. C., and McAninch, J.:
Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards,
Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B,
258, 403–413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.297, 2007.
Persano, C., Stuart, F. M., Bishop, P., and Barfod, D. N.:
Apatite (U–Th)/He age constraints on the development of the Great Escarpment on the southeastern Australian passive margin,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
200, 79–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00614-3, 2002.
Portenga, E. W. and Bierman, P. R.:
Understanding Earth's eroding surface with 10Be,
GSA Today,
21, 4–10, https://doi.org/10.1130/G111A.1, 2011.
Portenga, E. W., Bierman, P. R., Duncan, C., Corbett, L. B., Kehrwald, N. M., and Rood, D. H.:
Erosion rates of the Bhutanese Himalaya determined using in situ-produced 10Be,
Geomorphology,
233, 112–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.09.027, 2015.
Portenga, E. W., Bishop, P., Rood, D. H., and Bierman, P. R.:
Combining bulk sediment OSL and meteoric 10Be fingerprinting techniques to identify gully initiation sites and erosion depths,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
122, 513–527, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004052, 2017.
Portenga, E. W., Bierman, P. R., Trodick Jr., C. D., Greene, S. E., DeJong, B. D., Rood, D. H., and Pavich, M. J.:
Erosion rates and sediment flux within the Potomac River basin quantified over millennial timescales using beryllium isotopes,
Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.,
131, 1295–1311, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31840.1, 2019.
Preston, K.:
Anchor tin mine, Tasmania: A century of struggle for profitability,
Journal of Australasian Mining History, 10, 140–159, 2012.
Puchol, N., Lavé, J., Lupker, M., Blard, P.-H., Gallo, F., and France-Lanord, C.:
Grain-size dependent concentration of cosmogenic 10Be and erosion dynamics in a landslide-dominated Himalayan watershed,
Geomorphology,
224, 55–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.019, 2014.
Rahaman, W., Wittmann, H., and von Blanckenburg, F.:
Denudation rates and the degree of chemical weathering in the Ganga River basin from ratios of meteoric cosmogenic 10Be to stable 9Be,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
469, 156–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.001, 2017.
Reusser, L., Graly, J., Bierman, P., and Rood, D.:
Calibrating a long-term meteoric 10Be accumulation rate in soil,
Geophys. Res. Lett.,
37, L19403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044751, 2010.
Reusser, L. J. and Bierman, P. R.:
Using meteoric 10Be to track fluvial sand through the Waipaoa River basin, New Zealand,
Geology,
38, 47–50, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30395.1, 2010.
Rosenkranz, R., Schildgen, T., Wittmann, H., and Spiegel, C.:
Coupling erosion and topographic development in the rainiest place on Earth: Reconstructing the Shillong Plateau uplift history with in-situ cosmogenic 10Be,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
483, 39–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.047, 2018.
Sainsbury, C. L.:
Association of beryllium with tin deposits rich in fluorite,
Econ. Geol.,
59, 920–929, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.59.5.920, 1964.
Schaller, M., Ehlers, T., Lang, K. A., Schmid, M., and Fuentes-Espoz, J.:
Addressing the contribution of climate and vegetation cover on hillslope denudation, Chilean Coastal Cordillera (26∘–38∘ S),
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
489, 111–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.02.026, 2018.
Scherler, D., Bookhagen, B., and Strecker, M. R.:
Tectonic control on 10Be-derived erosion rates in the Garhwal Himalaya, India,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
119, 83–105, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002955, 2014.
Schmidt, A. H., Neilson, T. B., Bierman, P. R., Rood, D. H., Ouimet, W. B., and Sosa Gonzalez, V.: Influence of topography and human activity on apparent in situ 10Be-derived erosion rates in Yunnan, SW China, Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 819–830, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-819-2016, 2016.
Schmidt, A. H., Gonzalez, V. S., Bierman, P. R., Neilson, T. B., and Rood, D. H.:
Agricultural land use doubled sediment loads in western China's rivers,
Anthropocene,
21, 95–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2017.10.002, 2018.
Seymour, D. B., Green, G. R., and Calver, C. R.: The Geology and Mineral Deposits of Tasmania: A Summary, Tasmanian Geological Survey Bulletin 72, Mineral Resources Tasmania, Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources, 32 pp., ISBN: 0 7246 4017 7, 2006.
Siame, L., Angelier, J., Chen, R.-F., Godard, V., Derrieux, F., Bourlès, D., Braucher, R., Chang, K.-J., Chu, H.-T., and Lee, J.-C.:
Erosion rates in an active orogen (NE-Taiwan): A confrontation of cosmogenic measurements with river suspended loads,
Quat. Geochronol.,
6, 246–260, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.11.003, 2011.
Singleton, A. A., Schmidt, A. H., Bierman, P. R., Rood, D. H., Neilson, T. B., Greene, E. S., Bower, J. A., Perdrial, N.:
Effects of grain size, mineralogy, and acid-extractable grain coatings on the distribution of the fallout radionuclides 7Be, 10Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb in river sediment,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
197, 71–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.007, 2016.
Starke, J., Ehlers, T., and Schaller, M.:
Tectonic and climatic controls on the spatial distribution of denudation rates in Northern Chile (18∘ S to 23∘ S) determined from cosmogenic nuclides,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
122, 1949–1971, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004153, 2017.
Starke, J., Ehlers, T., and Schaller, M.:
Latitudinal effect of vegetation on erosion rates identified along western South America,
Science,
367, 1358–1361, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz0840, 2020.
Stone, J.:
A rapid fusion method for separation of Beryllium-10 from soils and silicates,
Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac.,
62, 555–561, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00340-2, 1998.
Stone, J.:
Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production,
J. Geophys. Res.,
105, 23753–23759, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900181, 2000.
Sutherland, R., King, P., and Wood, R.:
Tectonic evolution of Cretaceous rift basins in south-eastern Australia and New Zealand: Implications for exploration risk assessment,
Proceedings of the Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia, Eastern Australasian Basins Symposium, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 25–28 November, 3–13, 2001.
Tomkins, K. M., Humphreys, G. S., Wilkinson, M. T., Fink, D., Hesse, P. P., Doerr, S. H., Shakesby, R. A., Wallbrink, P. J., and Blake, W. H.:
Contemporary versus long-term denudation along a passive plate margin: the role of extreme events,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
32, 1013–1031, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1460, 2007.
Valette-Silver, J. N., Brown, L., Pavich, M., Klein, J., and Middleton, R.:
Detection of erosion events using 10Be profiles: example of the impact of agriculture on soil erosion in the Chesapeake Bay area (U.S.A.),
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
80, 82–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90021-X, 1986.
van Dongen, R., Scherler, D., Wittmann, H., and von Blanckenburg, F.: Cosmogenic 10Be in river sediment: where grain size matters and why, Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 393–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-393-2019, 2019.
van Geen, A., Valette-Silver, N. J., Luoma, S. N., Fuller, C. C., Baskaran, M., Tera, F., and Klein, J.:
Constraints on the sedimentation history of San Francisco Bay from 14C and 10Be,
Mar. Chem.,
64, 29–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00082-6, 1999.
Vanacker, V., von Blanckenburg, F., Govers, G., Molina, A., Poesen, J., Deckers, J., and Kubik, P.:
Restoring dense vegetation can slow mountain erosion to near natural benchmark levels,
Geology,
35, 303–306, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23109A.1, 2007.
von Blanckenburg, F., Bouchez, J., and Wittmann, H.:
Earth surface erosion and weathering from the 10Be(meteoric)
Webb, M., Pirie, A., Kidd, D., and Minasny, B.:
Spatial analysis of frost risk to determine viticulture suitability in Tasmania, Australia,
Aust. J. Grape Wine R.,
24, 219–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12314, 2018.
Webb, M. A., Kidd, D., and Minasny, B.:
Near real-time mapping of air temperature at high spatiotemporal resolutions in Tasmania, Australia,
Theor. Appl. Climatol.,
141, 1181–1201, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03259-4, 2020.
Weissel, J. K. and Hayes, D. E.:
Evolution of the Tasman Sea reappraised,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
36, 77–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(77)90189-3, 1977.
West, A. J., Galy, A., and Bickle, M.:
Tectonic and climatic controls on silicate weathering,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
235, 211–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.020, 2005.
Wilford, J., Searle, R., Thomas, M., Pagendam, D. E., and Grundy, M.:
A regolith depth map of the Australian continent,
Geoderma,
266, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.11.033, 2016.
Willenbring, J. K. and von Blanckenburg, F.:
Meteoric cosmogenic Beryllium-10 adsorbed to river sediment and soil: Applications for Earth-surface dynamics,
Earth-Sci. Rev.,
98, 105–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.008, 2010.
Wilson, C. J.:
Effects of logging and fire on runoff and erosion on highly erodible granitic soils in Tasmania,
Water Resour. Res., 35, 3531–3546, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900181, 1999.
Wittmann, H., von Blanckenburg, F., Guyot, J. L., Maurice, L., and Kubik, P. W.:
From source to sink: Preserving the cosmogenic 10Be-derived denudation rate signal of the Bolivian Andes in sediment of the Beni and Mamoré foreland basins,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
288, 463–474, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.008, 2009.
Wittmann, H., von Blanckenburg, F., Guyot, J.-L., Maurice, L., and Kubik, P.:
Quantifying sediment discharge from the Bolivian Andes into the Beni foreland basin from cosmogenic 10Be-derived denudation rates,
Rev. Bras. Geociências,
41, 629–641, https://doi.org/10.25249/0375-7536.2011414629641, 2011.
Wittmann, H., von Blanckenburg, F., Bouchez, J., Dannhaus, N., Naumann, R., Christl, M., and Gaillardet, J.:
The dependence of meteoric 10Be concentrations on particle size in Amazon River bed sediment and the extraction of reactive
Wittmann, H., von Blanckenburg, F., Dannhaus, N., Bouchez, J., Gaillardet, J., Guyot, J. L., Maurice, L., Roig, H., Filizola, N., and Christl, M.:
A test of the cosmogenic 10Be(meteoric)/9Be proxy for simultaneously determining basin-wide erosion rates, denudation rates, and the degree of weathering in the Amazon basin,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
120, 2498–2528, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003581, 2015.
Wittmann, H., Malusà, M. G., Resentini, A., Garzanti, E., and Niedermann, S.:
The cosmogenic record of mountain erosion transmitted across a foreland basin: Source-to-sink analysis of in situ 10Be, 26Al and 21Ne in sediment of the Po river catchment,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett.,
452, 258–271, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.017, 2016.
Wittmann, H., Oelze, M., Gaillardet, J., Garzanti, E., and von Blanckenburg, F.:
A global rate of denudation from cosmogenic nuclides in the Earth's largest rivers,
Earth-Sci. Rev.,
204, 103147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103147, 2020.
Yanites, B. J., Tucker, G. E., and Anderson, R. S.:
Numerical and analytical models of cosmogenic radionuclide dynamics in landslide-dominated drainage basins,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
114, F1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001088, 2009.
You, C. F., Lee, T., and Li, Y. H.:
The partition of Be between soil and water,
Chem. Geol.,
77, 105–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(89)90136-8, 1989.
Short summary
This study presents erosion rates of the George River and seven of its tributaries in northeast Tasmania, Australia. These erosion rates are the first measures of landscape change over millennial timescales for Tasmania. We demonstrate that erosion is closely linked to a topographic rainfall gradient across George River. Our findings may be useful for efforts to restore ecological health to Georges Bay by determining a pre-disturbance level of erosion and sediment delivery to this estuary.
This study presents erosion rates of the George River and seven of its tributaries in northeast...
