Articles | Volume 4, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-691-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-691-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Short communication/technical note
| 
14 Dec 2022
Short communication/technical note |
| 14 Dec 2022
| 14 Dec 2022
Technical note: Evaluating a geographical information system (GIS)-based approach for determining topographic shielding factors in cosmic-ray exposure dating
Felix Martin Hofmann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg,
Freiburg, 79104, Germany
Related authors
Felix Martin Hofmann and Frank Preusser
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 74, 1–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Previous reconstructions conclude that the southern Black Forest, south-west Germany, temporarily hosted four ice caps during the Late Pleistocene (129 000–11 700 years before present). This work reviews existing studies on glacial landforms north-east of its highest summit, Feldberg (1493 m above sea level), in the light of new observations. Whilst this study largely confirms previous work, we reject and newly describe several glacial landforms.
Alexander Fülling, Hans Rudolf Graf, Felix Martin Hofmann, Daniela Mueller, and Frank Preusser
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 73, 203–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-203-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-203-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Mühlbach series has been given as evidence for a Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene Aare–Rhine fluvial system in northern Switzerland and southwest Germany. We show that these deposits represent a variety of different units. At the type location, luminescence dating indicates an age of 55 ka, and we interpret the deposits as slope reworking. Beside methodological implications, our studies recommend caution regarding the interpretation of stratigraphic units for which limited data are available.
Felix Martin Hofmann, Claire Rambeau, Lukas Gegg, Melanie Schulz, Martin Steiner, Alexander Fülling, Laëtitia Léanni, Frank Preusser, and ASTER Team
Geochronology, 6, 147–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-147-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-147-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We determined 10Be concentrations in moraine boulder surfaces in the southern Black Forest, SW Germany. We applied three independent dating methods to younger lake sediments. With the aid of independent age datasets, we calculated the growth of 10Be concentrations in moraine boulder surfaces.
Felix Martin Hofmann
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 235–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-235-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to reconstruct the last glaciation of the southern Black Forest. Ice-marginal positions in this region were, for the first time, directly dated. Glacier retreat from the last glaciation maximum position was probably underway no later than 21 ka. Re-advances and/or standstills of glaciers (no later than 17–16 ka, 15–14 ka and 13 ka) punctuated the subsequent trend towards ice-free conditions.
Felix Martin Hofmann, Florian Rauscher, William McCreary, Jan-Paul Bischoff, and Frank Preusser
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 61–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Black Forest was covered by a 1000 km2 large ice cap during the last glaciation. Glacial landforms in the area north-west of the highest summit of the Black Forest, the Feldberg (1493 m above sea level), were investigated to select suitable sampling sites for dating glacial landforms in future studies. Some of the terminal moraines described in this study are mapped for the first time. The application of dating methods will provide insights into the chronology of the last glaciation.
Felix Martin Hofmann
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 67, 37–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-37-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-37-2018, 2018
Felix Martin Hofmann and Frank Preusser
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 74, 1–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-74-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Previous reconstructions conclude that the southern Black Forest, south-west Germany, temporarily hosted four ice caps during the Late Pleistocene (129 000–11 700 years before present). This work reviews existing studies on glacial landforms north-east of its highest summit, Feldberg (1493 m above sea level), in the light of new observations. Whilst this study largely confirms previous work, we reject and newly describe several glacial landforms.
Alexander Fülling, Hans Rudolf Graf, Felix Martin Hofmann, Daniela Mueller, and Frank Preusser
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 73, 203–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-203-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-73-203-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Mühlbach series has been given as evidence for a Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene Aare–Rhine fluvial system in northern Switzerland and southwest Germany. We show that these deposits represent a variety of different units. At the type location, luminescence dating indicates an age of 55 ka, and we interpret the deposits as slope reworking. Beside methodological implications, our studies recommend caution regarding the interpretation of stratigraphic units for which limited data are available.
Felix Martin Hofmann, Claire Rambeau, Lukas Gegg, Melanie Schulz, Martin Steiner, Alexander Fülling, Laëtitia Léanni, Frank Preusser, and ASTER Team
Geochronology, 6, 147–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-147-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-147-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We determined 10Be concentrations in moraine boulder surfaces in the southern Black Forest, SW Germany. We applied three independent dating methods to younger lake sediments. With the aid of independent age datasets, we calculated the growth of 10Be concentrations in moraine boulder surfaces.
Felix Martin Hofmann
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 235–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-235-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study aims to reconstruct the last glaciation of the southern Black Forest. Ice-marginal positions in this region were, for the first time, directly dated. Glacier retreat from the last glaciation maximum position was probably underway no later than 21 ka. Re-advances and/or standstills of glaciers (no later than 17–16 ka, 15–14 ka and 13 ka) punctuated the subsequent trend towards ice-free conditions.
Felix Martin Hofmann, Florian Rauscher, William McCreary, Jan-Paul Bischoff, and Frank Preusser
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 61–87, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-61-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-61-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Black Forest was covered by a 1000 km2 large ice cap during the last glaciation. Glacial landforms in the area north-west of the highest summit of the Black Forest, the Feldberg (1493 m above sea level), were investigated to select suitable sampling sites for dating glacial landforms in future studies. Some of the terminal moraines described in this study are mapped for the first time. The application of dating methods will provide insights into the chronology of the last glaciation.
Felix Martin Hofmann
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 67, 37–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-37-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-37-2018, 2018
Related subject area
Cosmogenic nuclide dating
Cosmogenic 21Ne exposure ages on late Pleistocene moraines in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA
Short communication: Updated CRN Denudation datasets in OCTOPUS v2.3
Technical note: Altitude scaling of 36Cl production from Fe
Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclide depth profiles used to infer changes in Holocene glacier cover, Vintage Peak, Southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia
Production rate calibration for cosmogenic 10Be in pyroxene by applying a rapid fusion method to 10Be-saturated samples from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
Technical note: Optimizing the in situ cosmogenic 36Cl extraction and measurement workflow for geologic applications
Cosmogenic 3He chronology of postglacial lava flows at Mt Ruapehu, Aotearoa / New Zealand
Last ice sheet recession and landscape emergence above sea level in east-central Sweden, evaluated using in situ cosmogenic 14C from quartz
Regional beryllium-10 production rate for the mid-elevation mountainous regions in central Europe, deduced from a multi-method study of moraines and lake sediments in the Black Forest
Short communication: Cosmogenic noble gas depletion in soils by wildfire heating
Early Holocene ice retreat from Isle Royale in the Laurentian Great Lakes constrained with 10Be exposure-age dating
Technical note: Studying lithium metaborate fluxes and extraction protocols with a new, fully automated in situ cosmogenic 14C processing system at PRIME Lab
Cosmogenic 10Be in pyroxene: laboratory progress, production rate systematics, and application of the 10Be–3He nuclide pair in the Antarctic Dry Valleys
Technical note: A software framework for calculating compositionally dependent in situ 14C production rates
10Be age control of glaciation in the Beartooth Mountains, USA, from the latest Pleistocene through the Holocene
Constraining the aggradation mode of Pleistocene river deposits based on cosmogenic radionuclide depth profiling and numerical modelling
Combined linear-regression and Monte Carlo approach to modeling exposure age depth profiles
Cosmogenic nuclide weathering biases: corrections and potential for denudation and weathering rate measurements
Cosmogenic nuclide and solute flux data from central Cuban rivers emphasize the importance of both physical and chemical mass loss from tropical landscapes
Technical note: Accelerator mass spectrometry of 10Be and 26Al at low nuclide concentrations
Reconciling the apparent absence of a Last Glacial Maximum alpine glacial advance, Yukon Territory, Canada, through cosmogenic beryllium-10 and carbon-14 measurements
Cosmogenic ages indicate no MIS 2 refugia in the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska
In situ-produced cosmogenic krypton in zircon and its potential for Earth surface applications
Cosmogenic nuclide exposure age scatter records glacial history and processes in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Technical Note: Noble gas extraction procedure and performance of the Cologne Helix MC Plus multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer for cosmogenic neon isotope analysis
Exposure dating of detrital magnetite using 3He enabled by microCT and calibration of the cosmogenic 3He production rate in magnetite
Calibrating a long-term meteoric 10Be delivery rate into eroding western US glacial deposits by comparing meteoric and in situ produced 10Be depth profiles
Delayed and rapid deglaciation of alpine valleys in the Sawatch Range, southern Rocky Mountains, USA
Technical note: A prototype transparent-middle-layer data management and analysis infrastructure for cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating
Isolation of quartz for cosmogenic in situ 14C analysis
Chlorine-36∕beryllium-10 burial dating of alluvial fan sediments associated with the Mission Creek strand of the San Andreas Fault system, California, USA
Joseph P. Tulenko, Greg Balco, Michael A. Clynne, and L. J. Patrick Muffler
Geochronology, 6, 639–652, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating is an exceptional tool for reconstructing glacier histories, but reconstructions based on common target nuclides (e.g., 10Be) can be costly and time-consuming to generate. Here, we present a cost-effective proof-of-concept 21Ne exposure age chronology from Lassen Volcanic National Park, CA, USA, that broadly agrees with nearby 10Be chronologies but at lower precision.
Alexandru T. Codilean and Henry Munack
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-28, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-28, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GChron
Short summary
Short summary
OCTOPUS v2.3 updates CRN Denudation datasets, adding 1,311 new river basins to the CRN International and Australia collections, totalling 5,611 basins with recalculated beryllium-10 denudation rates and 561 with aluminium-26 rates. New fields include basin centroid latitude, effective atmospheric pressure, glacier extent, and quartz-bearing lithology percentages, improving data quality and interoperability with online erosion calculators.
Angus K. Moore and Darryl E. Granger
Geochronology, 6, 541–552, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-541-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-541-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclide geochronology requires accurately scaling production rates with altitude. The energy spectrum of cosmic radiation changes with altitude, and reactions that are sensitive to different energies may have different scaling behavior. Here, we model the altitude scaling of 36Cl production from Fe and evaluate this model against calibration data. The data are broadly consistent with the prediction of larger-altitude scaling factors for 36Cl from Fe than for other reactions.
Adam C. Hawkins, Brent M. Goehring, and Brian Menounos
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2900, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2900, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use a method called cosmogenic nuclide dating on bedrock surfaces and moraine boulders to determine the relative length of time an alpine glacier was larger or smaller than its current extent over the past 15 thousand years. We also discuss several important limitations to this method. This method gives information on the duration of past ice advances and is useful in areas without other materials that can be dated.
Marie Bergelin, Greg Balco, Lee B. Corbett, and Paul R. Bierman
Geochronology, 6, 491–502, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-491-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-491-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides, such as 10Be, are rare isotopes produced in rocks when exposed at Earth's surface and are valuable for understanding surface processes and landscape evolution. However, 10Be is usually measured in quartz minerals. Here we present advances in efficiently extracting and measuring 10Be in the pyroxene mineral. These measurements expand the use of 10Be as a dating tool for new rock types and provide opportunities to understand landscape processes in areas that lack quartz.
Alia J. Lesnek, Joseph M. Licciardi, Alan J. Hidy, and Tyler S. Anderson
Geochronology, 6, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-475-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present an improved workflow for extracting and measuring chlorine isotopes in rocks and minerals. Experiments on seven geologic samples demonstrate that our workflow provides reliable results while offering several distinct advantages over traditional methods. Most notably, our workflow reduces the amount of isotopically enriched chlorine spike used per rock sample by up to 95 %, which will allow researchers to analyze more samples using their existing laboratory supplies.
Pedro Doll, Shaun Robert Eaves, Ben Matthew Kennedy, Pierre-Henri Blard, Alexander Robert Lee Nichols, Graham Sloan Leonard, Dougal Bruce Townsend, Jim William Cole, Chris Edward Conway, Sacha Baldwin, Gabriel Fénisse, Laurent Zimmermann, and Bouchaïb Tibari
Geochronology, 6, 365–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use cosmogenic-sourced 3He to determine the eruption ages of 23 lava flows at Mt Ruapehu, Aotearoa New Zealand, and we show how this method can help overcome challenges associated with traditional dating methods in young lavas. Comparison with other methods demonstrates the accuracy of our data and the method's reliability. The new eruption ages allowed us to identify periods of quasi-simultaneous activity from different volcanic vents during the last 20 000 years.
Bradley W. Goodfellow, Arjen P. Stroeven, Nathaniel A. Lifton, Jakob Heyman, Alexander Lewerentz, Kristina Hippe, Jens-Ove Näslund, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 6, 291–302, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-291-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-291-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon-14 produced in quartz (half-life of 5700 ± 30 years) provides a new tool to date exposure of bedrock surfaces. Samples from 10 exposed bedrock surfaces in east-central Sweden give dates consistent with the timing of both landscape emergence above sea level through postglacial rebound and retreat of the last ice sheet shown in previous reconstructions. Carbon-14 in quartz can therefore be used for dating in landscapes where isotopes with longer half-lives give complex exposure results.
Felix Martin Hofmann, Claire Rambeau, Lukas Gegg, Melanie Schulz, Martin Steiner, Alexander Fülling, Laëtitia Léanni, Frank Preusser, and ASTER Team
Geochronology, 6, 147–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-147-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-147-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We determined 10Be concentrations in moraine boulder surfaces in the southern Black Forest, SW Germany. We applied three independent dating methods to younger lake sediments. With the aid of independent age datasets, we calculated the growth of 10Be concentrations in moraine boulder surfaces.
Greg Balco, Alan J. Hidy, William T. Struble, and Joshua J. Roering
Geochronology, 6, 71–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-71-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-71-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new method of reconstructing the long-term, pre-observational frequency and/or intensity of wildfires in forested landscapes using trace concentrations of the noble gases helium and neon that are formed in soil mineral grains by cosmic-ray bombardment of the Earth's surface.
Eric W. Portenga, David J. Ullman, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 5, 413–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-413-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-413-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
New exposure ages of glacial erratics on moraines on Isle Royale – the largest island in North America's Lake Superior – show that the Laurentide Ice Sheet did not retreat from the island nor the south shores of Lake Superior until the early Holocene, which is later than previously thought. These new ages unify regional ice retreat histories from the mainland, the Lake Superior lake-bottom stratigraphy, underwater moraines, and meltwater drainage pathways through the Laurentian Great Lakes.
Nathaniel Lifton, Jim Wilson, and Allie Koester
Geochronology, 5, 361–375, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-361-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-361-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new, fully automated extraction system for in situ 14C at PRIME Lab that incorporates more reliable components and designs than our original systems. We use a LiBO2 flux to dissolve a quartz sample in oxygen after removing contaminant 14C with a lower-temperature combustion step. Experiments with new Pt/Rh sample boats demonstrated reduced procedural blanks, and analyses of well-characterized intercomparison materials tested the effects of process variables on 14C yields.
Allie Balter-Kennedy, Joerg M. Schaefer, Roseanne Schwartz, Jennifer L. Lamp, Laura Penrose, Jennifer Middleton, Jean Hanley, Bouchaïb Tibari, Pierre-Henri Blard, Gisela Winckler, Alan J. Hidy, and Greg Balco
Geochronology, 5, 301–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-301-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-301-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides like 10Be are rare isotopes created in rocks exposed at the Earth’s surface and can be used to understand glacier histories and landscape evolution. 10Be is usually measured in the mineral quartz. Here, we show that 10Be can be reliably measured in the mineral pyroxene. We use the measurements to determine exposure ages and understand landscape processes in rocks from Antarctica that do not have quartz, expanding the use of this method to new rock types.
Alexandria J. Koester and Nathaniel A. Lifton
Geochronology, 5, 21–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-21-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-21-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In situ 14C’s short half-life (5.7 kyr) is unique among cosmogenic nuclides, making it sensitive to complex exposure and burial histories since 25 ka. Current extraction methods focus on quartz, but the ability to extract it from other minerals would expand applications. We developed MATLAB® scripts to calculate in situ 14C production rates from a broad range of mineral compositions. Results confirm O, Si, Al, and Mg as key targets but also find significant production from Na for the first time.
Aaron M. Barth, Elizabeth G. Ceperley, Claire Vavrus, Shaun A. Marcott, Jeremy D. Shakun, and Marc W. Caffee
Geochronology, 4, 731–743, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-731-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-731-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Deposits left behind by past glacial activity provide insight into the previous size and behavior of glaciers and act as another line of evidence for past climate. Here we present new age control for glacial deposits in the mountains of Montana and Wyoming, United States. While some deposits indicate glacial activity within the last 2000 years, others are shown to be older than previously thought, thus redefining the extent of regional Holocene glaciation.
Nathan Vandermaelen, Koen Beerten, François Clapuyt, Marcus Christl, and Veerle Vanacker
Geochronology, 4, 713–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We constrained deposition phases of fluvial sediments (NE Belgium) over the last 1 Myr with analysis and modelling of rare isotopes accumulation within sediments, occurring as a function of time and inverse function of depth. They allowed the determination of three superposed deposition phases and intercalated non-deposition periods of ~ 40 kyr each. These phases correspond to 20 % of the sediment age, which highlights the importance of considering deposition phase when dating fluvial sediments.
Yiran Wang and Michael E. Oskin
Geochronology, 4, 533–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-533-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-533-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
When first introduced together with the depth profile technique to determine the surface exposure age, the linear inversion approach has suffered with the drawbacks of not incorporating erosion and muons into calculation. In this paper, we increase the accuracy and applicability of the linear inversion approach by fully considering surface erosion, muogenic production, and radioactive decay, while maintaining its advantage of being straightforward to determine an exposure age.
Richard F. Ott, Sean F. Gallen, and Darryl E. Granger
Geochronology, 4, 455–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-455-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-455-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides are a tool to quantify denudation – the total removal of mass from near the Earth's surface. Chemical weathering can introduce biases to cosmogenic-nuclide-based denudation rates measurements. Here, we investigate the effects of weathering on cosmogenic nuclides and develop tools to correct for this influence. Our results highlight which additional measurements are required to determine accurate denudation rates in regions where weathering is not negligible.
Mae Kate Campbell, Paul R. Bierman, Amanda H. Schmidt, Rita Sibello Hernández, Alejandro García-Moya, Lee B. Corbett, Alan J. Hidy, Héctor Cartas Águila, Aniel Guillén Arruebarrena, Greg Balco, David Dethier, and Marc Caffee
Geochronology, 4, 435–453, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-435-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We used cosmogenic radionuclides in detrital river sediment to measure erosion rates of watersheds in central Cuba; erosion rates are lower than rock dissolution rates in lowland watersheds. Data from two different cosmogenic nuclides suggest that some basins may have a mixed layer deeper than is typically modeled and could have experienced significant burial after or during exposure. We conclude that significant mass loss may occur at depth through chemical weathering processes.
Klaus M. Wilcken, Alexandru T. Codilean, Réka-H. Fülöp, Steven Kotevski, Anna H. Rood, Dylan H. Rood, Alexander J. Seal, and Krista Simon
Geochronology, 4, 339–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides are now widely applied in the Earth sciences; however, more recent applications often push the analytical limits of the technique. Our study presents a comprehensive method for analysis of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al samples down to isotope concentrations of a few thousand atoms per gram of sample, which opens the door to new and more varied applications of cosmogenic nuclide analysis.
Brent M. Goehring, Brian Menounos, Gerald Osborn, Adam Hawkins, and Brent Ward
Geochronology, 4, 311–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-311-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-311-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We explored surface exposure dating with two nuclides to date two sets of moraines from the Yukon Territory and explain the reasoning for the observed ages. Results suggest multiple processes, including preservation of nuclides from a prior exposure period, and later erosion of the moraines is required to explain the data. Our results only allow for the older moraines to date to Marine Isotope Stage 3 or 4 and the younger moraines to date to the very earliest Holocene.
Caleb K. Walcott, Jason P. Briner, James F. Baichtal, Alia J. Lesnek, and Joseph M. Licciardi
Geochronology, 4, 191–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a record of ice retreat from the northern Alexander Archipelago, Alaska. During the last ice age (~ 26 000–19 000 years ago), these islands were covered by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. We tested whether islands were ice-free during the last ice age for human migrants moving from Asia to the Americas. We found that these islands became ice-free between ~ 15 100 years ago and ~ 16 000 years ago, and thus these islands were not suitable for human habitation during the last ice age.
Tibor János Dunai, Steven Andrew Binnie, and Axel Gerdes
Geochronology, 4, 65–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-65-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-65-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop in situ-produced terrestrial cosmogenic krypton as a new tool to date and quantify Earth surface processes, the motivation being the availability of six stable isotopes and one radioactive isotope (81Kr, half-life 229 kyr) and of an extremely weathering-resistant target mineral (zircon). We provide proof of principle that terrestrial Krit can be quantified and used to unravel Earth surface processes.
Andrew J. Christ, Paul R. Bierman, Jennifer L. Lamp, Joerg M. Schaefer, and Gisela Winckler
Geochronology, 3, 505–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-505-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-505-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating is commonly used to constrain the timing of past glacier extents. However, Antarctic exposure age datasets are often scattered and difficult to interpret. We compile new and existing exposure ages of a glacial deposit with independently known age constraints and identify surface processes that increase or reduce the likelihood of exposure age scatter. Then we present new data for a previously unmapped and undated older deposit from the same region.
Benedikt Ritter, Andreas Vogt, and Tibor J. Dunai
Geochronology, 3, 421–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-421-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-421-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the design and performance of a new noble gas mass laboratory dedicated to the development of and application to cosmogenic nuclides at the University of Cologne (Germany). At the core of the laboratory are a state-of-the-art high-mass-resolution multicollector Helix MCPlus (Thermo-Fisher) noble gas mass spectrometer and a novel custom-designed automated extraction line, including a laser-powered extraction furnace. Performance was tested with intercomparison (CREU-1) material.
Florian Hofmann, Emily H. G. Cooperdock, A. Joshua West, Dominic Hildebrandt, Kathrin Strößner, and Kenneth A. Farley
Geochronology, 3, 395–414, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-395-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-395-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We use microCT scanning to improve the quality of 3He exposure ages measured in detrital magnetite. We show that the presence of inclusions can significantly increase the measured amount of 3He and thereby the exposure age. By prescreening magnetite with microCT and analyzing only inclusion-free grains, this problem can be avoided. We also calibrate the cosmogenic 3He production rate in magnetite relative to 10Be in quartz, which can be used for similar studies in the future.
Travis Clow, Jane K. Willenbring, Mirjam Schaller, Joel D. Blum, Marcus Christl, Peter W. Kubik, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Geochronology, 2, 411–423, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-411-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-411-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Meteoric beryllium-10 concentrations in soil profiles have great capacity to quantify Earth surface processes, such as erosion rates and landform ages. However, determining these requires an accurate estimate of the delivery rate of this isotope to local sites. Here, we present a new method to constrain the long-term delivery rate to an eroding western US site, compare it against existing delivery rate estimates (revealing considerable disagreement between methods), and suggest best practices.
Joseph P. Tulenko, William Caffee, Avriel D. Schweinsberg, Jason P. Briner, and Eric M. Leonard
Geochronology, 2, 245–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-245-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-245-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the timing and rate of retreat for three alpine glaciers in the southern Rocky Mountains to test whether they followed the pattern of global climate change or were majorly influenced by regional forcing mechanisms. We find that the latter is most likely for these glaciers. Our conclusions are based on a new 10Be chronology of alpine glacier retreat. We quantify retreat rates for each valley using the BACON program in R, which may be of interest for the audience of Geochronology.
Greg Balco
Geochronology, 2, 169–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-169-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-169-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Geologic dating methods generally do not directly measure ages. Instead, interpreting a geochemical measurement as an age requires a middle layer of calculations and supporting data, and the fact that this layer continually improves is an obstacle to synoptic analysis of geochronological data. This paper describes a prototype data management and analysis system that addresses this obstacle by making the middle-layer calculations transparent and dynamic to the user.
Keir A. Nichols and Brent M. Goehring
Geochronology, 1, 43–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-43-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-43-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We describe observations of anomalously high measurements of C-14 made from geologic material. We undertake a systematic investigation to identify the source of contamination, which we hypothesise is sourced from a commonly used method that is used prior to sample analysis. We find that the method does introduce modern carbon to samples and elevates C-14 measurements. We describe a standard procedure that effectively removes contamination from the aforementioned method.
Greg Balco, Kimberly Blisniuk, and Alan Hidy
Geochronology, 1, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-1-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-1-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This article applies a new geochemical dating method to determine the age of sedimentary deposits useful in reconstructing slip rates on a major fault system.
Cited articles
Balco, G.: Topographic shielding calculator,
http://stoneage.ice-d.org/math/skyline/skyline_in.html (last
access: 23 February 2021), 2018.
Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J.: A complete and
easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion
rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements, Quat. Geochronol., 3,
174–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.12.001, 2008.
Baroni, C., Gennaro, S., Salvatore, M. C., Ivy-Ochs, S., Christl, M.,
Cerrato, R., and Orombelli, G.: Last Lateglacial glacier advance in the Gran
Paradiso Group reveals relatively drier climatic conditions established in
the Western Alps since at least the Younger Dryas, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
255, 106815, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106815, 2021.
Barr, I. D. and Lovell, H.: A review of topographic controls on moraine
distribution, Geomorphology, 226, 44–64,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.030, 2014.
Boxleitner, M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Egli, M., Brandova, D., Christl, M., Dahms,
D., and Maisch, M.: The 10Be deglaciation chronology of the
Göschenertal, central Swiss Alps, and new insights into the
Göschenen Cold Phases, Boreas, 48, 867–878,
https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12394, 2019.
Braumann, S. M., Schaefer, J. M., Neuhuber, S. M., Reitner, J. M.,
Lüthgens, C., and Fiebig, M.: Holocene glacier change in the Silvretta
Massif (Austrian Alps) constrained by a new 10Be chronology, historical
records and modern observations, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 245, 106493,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106493, 2020.
Briner, J. P.: Dating Glacial Landforms, in: Encyclopedia of snow, ice and
glaciers, edited by: Singh, V. P., Springer, Dordrecht, 175–186,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_616, 2011.
Brown, E. T., Edmond, J. M., Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., Kurz, M. D., and
Brook, E. J.: Examination of surface exposure ages of Antarctic moraines
using in situ produced 10Be and 26Al, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 55,
2269–2283, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90103-C, 1991.
Cardinal, T., Audin, L., Rolland, Y., Schwartz, S., Petit, C., Zerathe, S.,
Borgniet, L., Braucher, R., Nomade, J., Dumont, T., and Guillou, V.:
Interplay of fluvial incision and rockfalls in shaping periglacial mountain
gorges, Geomorphology, 381, 107665,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107665, 2021.
Claude, A., Ivy-Ochs, S., Kober, F., Antognini, M., Salcher, B., and Kubik,
P. W.: The Chironico landslide (Valle Leventina, southern Swiss Alps): age
and evolution, Swiss J. Geosci., 107, 273–291,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-014-0170-z, 2014.
Codilean, A. T.: Calculation of the cosmogenic nuclide production
topographic shielding scaling factor for large areas using DEMs, Earth Surf.
Proc. Land., 31, 785–794, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1336, 2006.
DLR: TanDEM-X – Digital Elevation Model (DEM) – Global, 12 m, DLR [data set], https://gdk.gdi-de.org/geonetwork/srv/api/records/5eecdf4c-de57-4624-99e9-60086b032aea (last access: 9 December 2022), 2018.
Dong, G., Zhou, W., Fu, Y., Zhang, L., Zhao, G., and Li, M.: The last
glaciation in the headwater area of the Xiaokelanhe River, Chinese Altai:
Evidence from 10Be exposure-ages, Quat. Geochronol., 56, 101054,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2020.101054, 2020.
Dormann, C.: Hypotheses and Tests, in: Environmental Data Analysis: An
Introduction with Examples in R, Springer International Publishing, Cham,
177–184, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55020-2_13, 2020.
Dunai, T. J. and Stuart, F. M.: Reporting of cosmogenic nuclide data for
exposure age and erosion rate determinations, Quat. Geochronol., 4,
437–440, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2009.04.003, 2009.
Dunne, J., Elmore, D., and Muzikar, P.: Scaling factors for the rates of
production of cosmogenic nuclides for geometric shielding and attenuation at
depth on sloped surfaces, Geomorphology, 27, 3–11,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00086-5, 1999.
Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Inc.: ArcGIS Desktop,
release 10.8.1, ESRI [software], Redlands, 2020.
Fernandes, M., Oliva, M., Vieira, G., Palacios, D.,
Fernández-Fernández, J. M., Delmas, M., García-Oteyza, J.,
Schimmelpfennig, I., Ventura, J., Aumaître, G., and Keddadouche, K.:
Maximum glacier extent of the Penultimate Glacial Cycle in the Upper Garonne
Basin (Pyrenees): new chronological evidence, Environ. Earth Sci., 80, 796,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10022-z, 2021.
Fernandes, M., Oliva, M., Vieira, G., Palacios, D.,
Fernández-Fernández, J. M., Garcia-oteyza, J., Schimmelpfennig, I.,
ASTER Team, and Antoniades, D.: Glacial oscillations during the
Bølling–Allerød Interstadial–Younger Dryas transition in the Ruda
Valley, Central Pyrenees, J. Quaternary Sci., 37, 42–58,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3379, 2022.
Fernández-Fernández, J. M., Palacios, D., Andrés, N.,
Schimmelpfennig, I., Tanarro, L. M., Brynjólfsson, S.,
López-Acevedo, F. J., Sæmundsson, Þ., and ASTER Team:
Constraints on the timing of debris-covered and rock glaciers: An
exploratory case study in the Hólar area, northern Iceland,
Geomorphology, 361, 107196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107196,
2020.
Gosse, J. C. and Phillips, F. M.: Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides:
theory and application, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 1475–1560,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00171-2, 2001.
Hofmann, F. M., Alexanderson, H., Schoeneich, P., Mertes, J. R., Léanni,
L., and ASTER Team: Post-Last Glacial Maximum glacier fluctuations in the
southern Écrins massif (westernmost Alps): insights from 10Be
cosmic ray exposure dating, Boreas, 48, 1019–1041,
https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12405, 2019.
Hofmann, F. M., Preusser, F., Schimmelpfennig, I., Léanni, L., and ASTER
Team: Late Pleistocene glaciation history of the southern Black Forest,
Germany: 10Be cosmic-ray exposure dating and equilibrium line altitude
reconstructions in Sankt Wilhelmer Tal, J. Quaternary Sci., 37, 688–706,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3407, 2022.
Ivy-Ochs, S. and Kober, F.: Surface exposure dating with cosmogenic nuclides, E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 57, 179–209, https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.7, 2008.
Ivy-Ochs, S., Kerschner, H., Reuther, A., Preusser, F., Heine, K., Maisch,
M., Kubik, P. W., and Schlüchter, C.: Chronology of the last glacial
cycle in the European Alps, J. Quaternary Sci., 23, 559–573,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1202, 2008.
Krieger, G., Moreira, A., Fiedler, H., Hajnsek, I., Werner, M., Younis, M.,
and Zink, M.: TanDEM-X: A satellite formation for high-resolution SAR
interferometry, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 45, 3317–3341,
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2007.900693, 2007.
Lal, D.: Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces: in situ nuclide production
rates and erosion models, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 104, 424–439,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(91)90220-C, 1991.
Le Roy, M., Deline, P., Carcaillet, J., Schimmelpfennig, I., Ermini, M., and
ASTER Team: 10Be exposure dating of the timing of Neoglacial glacier
advances in the Ecrins-Pelvoux massif, southern French Alps, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 178, 118–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.010, 2017.
Li, Y.-K.: Determining topographic shielding from digital elevation models
for cosmogenic nuclide analysis: a GIS approach and field validation, J. Mt.
Sci., 10, 355–362, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-013-2564-1, 2013.
Li, Y.-K.: Determining topographic shielding from digital elevation models
for cosmogenic nuclide analysis: a GIS model for discrete sample sites, J.
Mt. Sci., 15, 939–947, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-4895-4, 2018.
Mackintosh, A. N., Anderson, B. M., and Pierrehumbert, R. T.: Reconstructing
Climate from Glaciers, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 45, 649–680,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020643, 2017.
Martin, L. C. P., Blard, P. H., Balco, G., Lavé, J., Delunel, R.,
Lifton, N., and Laurent, V.: The CREp program and the ICE-D production rate
calibration database: A fully parameterizable and updated online tool to
compute cosmic-ray exposure ages, Quat. Geochronol., 38, 25–49,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2016.11.006, 2017.
Mohren, J., Binnie, S. A., Ritter, B., and Dunai, T. J.: Development of a
steep erosional gradient over a short distance in the hyperarid core of the
Atacama Desert, northern Chile, Global Planet. Change, 184, 103068,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103068, 2020.
Muscheler, R., Beer, J., Kubik, P. W., and Synal, H. A.: Geomagnetic field
intensity during the last 60,000 years based on 10Be and 36Cl from
the Summit ice cores and 14C, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 1849–1860,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.012, 2005.
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory: NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global
1 arc second, NASA [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/SRTM/SRTMGL1.003, 2013.
Nishiizumi, K., Winterer, E. L., Kohl, C. P., Klein, J., Middleton, R., Lal,
D., and Arnold, J. R.: Cosmic ray production rates of 10Be and
26Al in quartz from glacially polished rocks, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol.
Ea., 94, 17907–17915, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB094iB12p17907, 1989.
Norton, K. P. and Vanacker, V.: Effects of terrain smoothing on topographic
shielding correction factors for cosmogenic nuclide-derived estimates of
basin-averaged denudation rates, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 34, 145–154,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1700, 2009.
Oliva, M., Palacios, D., Fernández-Fernández, J. M.,
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, L., García-Ruiz, J. M., Andrés, N.,
Carrasco, R. M., Pedraza, J., Pérez-Alberti, A., Valcárcel, M., and
Hughes, P. D.: Late Quaternary glacial phases in the Iberian Peninsula,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 192, 564–600,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.015, 2019.
Oliva, M., Fernandes, M., Palacios, D., Fernández-Fernández, J.-M.,
Schimmelpfennig, I., Antoniades, D., Aumaître, G., Bourlès, D., and
Keddadouche, K.: Rapid deglaciation during the Bølling-Allerød
Interstadial in the Central Pyrenees and associated glacial and periglacial
landforms, Geomorphology, 385, 107735,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107735, 2021.
Palacios, D., Rodríguez-Mena, M., Fernández-Fernández, J. M.,
Schimmelpfennig, I., Tanarro, L. M., Zamorano, J. J., Andrés, N.,
Úbeda, J., Sæmundsson, Þ., Brynjólfsson, S., Oliva, M., and
ASTER Team: Reversible glacial-periglacial transition in response to climate
changes and paraglacial dynamics: A case study from
Héðinsdalsjökull (northern Iceland), Geomorphology, 388, 107787,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107787, 2021.
Peng, X., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Liu, B., Liu, Q., Yang, W., Cui, Z., and Liu,
G.: Late Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Bhutanese Himalaya, Global
Planet. Change, 187, 103137,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103137, 2020.
Phillips, F. M., Argento, D. C., Balco, G., Caffee, M. W., Clem, J., Dunai,
T. J., Finkel, R., Goehring, B., Gosse, J. C., Hudson, A. M., Jull, A. T.,
Kelly, M. A., Kurz, M., Lal, D., Lifton, N., Marrero, S. M., Nishiizumi, K.,
Reedy, R. C., Schaefer, J., Stone, J. O., Swanson, T., and Zreda, M. G.: The
CRONUS-Earth Project: A synthesis, Quat. Geochronol., 31, 119–154,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2015.09.006, 2016.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Core Team
[software], R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 2021.
Rizzoli, P., Martone, M., Gonzalez, C., Wecklich, C., Borla Tridon, D.,
Bräutigam, B., Bachmann, M., Schulze, D., Fritz, T., Huber, M., Wessel,
B., Krieger, G., Zink, M., and Moreira, A.: Generation and performance
assessment of the global TanDEM-X digital elevation model, ISPRS J.
Photogramm., 132, 119–139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2017.08.008,
2017.
Rodríguez, E., Morris, C. S., and Belz, J. E.: A Global Assessment of
the SRTM Performance, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 72, 249–260,
https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.3.249, 2006.
RStudio Team: RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R, Rstudio
[software], PBC, Boston, 2021.
Rudolph, E. M., Hedding, D. W., Fabel, D., Hodgson, D. A., Gheorghiu, D. M.,
Shanks, R., and Nel, W.: Early glacial maximum and deglaciation at
sub-Antarctic Marion Island from cosmogenic 36Cl exposure dating,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 231, 106208,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106208, 2020.
Santos-González, J., González-Gutiérrez, R. B., Redondo-Vega, J.
M., Gómez-Villar, A., Jomelli, V., Fernández-Fernández, J. M.,
Andrés, N., García-Ruiz, J. M., Peña-Pérez, S. A.,
Melón-Nava, A., Oliva, M., Álvarez-Martínez, J., Charton, J.,
and Palacios, D.: The origin and collapse of rock glaciers during the
Bølling-Allerød interstadial: A new study case from the Cantabrian
Mountains (Spain), Geomorphology, 401, 108112,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108112, 2022.
Schaefer, J. M., Denton, G. H., Kaplan, M., Putnam, A., Finkel, R. C.,
Barrell, D. J. A., Andersen, B. G., Schwartz, R., Mackintosh, A., Chinn, T.,
and Schlüchter, C.: High-Frequency Holocene Glacier Fluctuations in New
Zealand Differ from the Northern Signature, Science, 324, 622–625,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169312, 2009.
Schimmelpfennig, I., Schaefer, J. M., Akçar, N., Koffman, T., Ivy-Ochs,
S., Schwartz, R., Finkel, R. C., Zimmerman, S., and Schlüchter, C.: A
chronology of Holocene and Little Ice Age glacier culminations of the
Steingletscher, Central Alps, Switzerland, based on high-sensitivity
beryllium-10 moraine dating, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 393, 220–230,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.02.046, 2014.
Sharp, M.: Surging glaciers, Prog. Phys. Geog., 12, 533–559, https://doi.org/10.1177/030913338801200403, 1988.
Shean, D.: High Mountain Asia 8-meter DEM Mosaics Derived from Optical Imagery, Version 1, NASA [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/KXOVQ9L172S2, 2017.
Siame, L. L., Braucher, R., and Bourlès, D.: Les nucléides
cosmogéniques produits in-situ des nouveaux outils en géomorphologie
quantitative, B. Soc. Geol. Fr., 171, 383–396,
https://doi.org/10.2113/171.4.383, 2000.
Stone, J. O.: Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production, J. Geophys.
Res.-Sol. Ea., 105, 23753–23759, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900181,
2000.
Tanarro, L. M., Palacios, D., Fernández-Fernández, J. M.,
Andrés, N., Oliva, M., Rodríguez-Mena, M., Schimmelpfennig, I.,
Brynjólfsson, S., Sæmundsson, Þ., Zamorano, J. J., Úbeda,
J., Aumaître, G., Bourlès, D., and Keddadouche, K.: Origins of the
divergent evolution of mountain glaciers during deglaciation: Hofsdalur
cirques, Northern Iceland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 273, 107248,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107248, 2021.
Uppala, S. M., Kållberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., Da Bechtold,
V. C., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J. K., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G. A.,
Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka, N., Allan, R. P., Andersson, E.,
Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M. A., Beljaars, A. C. M., van Berg, L. de, Bidlot, J.,
Bormann, N., Caires, S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac, M., Fisher,
M., Fuentes, M., Hagemann, S., Hólm, E., Hoskins, B. J., Isaksen, L.,
Janssen, P. A. E. M., Jenne, R., McNally, A. P., Mahfouf, J. F., Morcrette,
J. J., Rayner, N. A., Saunders, R. W., Simon, P., Sterl, A., Trenberth, K.
E., Untch, A., Vasiljevic, D., Viterbo, P., and Woollen, J.: The ERA-40
re-analysis, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961–3012,
https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.176, 2005.
Valentino, J. D., Owen, L. A., Spotila, J. A., Cesta, J. M., and Caffee, M.
W.: Timing and extent of Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Chugach
Mountains, Alaska, Quaternary Res., 101, 205–224,
https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.106, 2021.
Vermeesch, P.: CosmoCalc: An Excel add-in for cosmogenic nuclide
calculations, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q08003,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001530, 2007.
Short summary
If topographical obstructions are present in the surroundings of sampling sites, exposure ages of rock surfaces need to be corrected. A toolbox for the ESRI ArcGIS software allows for quantifying topographic shielding with a digital elevation model, but it has only been validated with few field data. In this study, the output of the toolbox is evaluated with a more extensive dataset. If suitable elevation data are chosen, the toolbox provides a sound approach to determine topographic shielding.
If topographical obstructions are present in the surroundings of sampling sites, exposure ages...
