Articles | Volume 3, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
12 Mar 2021
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 12 Mar 2021
| 12 Mar 2021
geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data
School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
Julien Emile-Geay
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Deborah Khider
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
Related authors
Christopher L. Hancock, Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, and Sylvia G. Dee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-746, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-746, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct global hydroclimate anomalies for the past 21,000 years using a data assimilation methodology blending observations recorded in lake sediments with the climate dynamics simulated by climate models. The reconstruction resolves data-model disagreement in East Africa and North America, and we find that changing global temperatures and associated circulation patterns as well as orbital forcing are the dominant controls on global precipitation over this interval.
Rachel M. Walter, Hussein R. Sayani, Thomas Felis, Kim M. Cobb, Nerilie J. Abram, Ariella K. Arzey, Alyssa R. Atwood, Logan D. Brenner, Émilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Bethany Ellis, Julien Emile-Geay, Matthew J. Fischer, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Jessica A. Hargreaves, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Hedwig Krawczyk, Nicholas P. McKay, Andrea L. Moore, Sujata A. Murty, Maria Rosabelle Ong, Riovie D. Ramos, Emma V. Reed, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Sara C. Sanchez, Jens Zinke, and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2081–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately quantifying how the global hydrological cycle will change in the future remains challenging due to the limited availability of historical climate data from the tropics. Here we present the CoralHydro2k database – a new compilation of peer-reviewed coral-based climate records from the last 2000 years. This paper details the records included in the database and where the database can be accessed and demonstrates how the database can investigate past tropical climate variability.
Jan Petřík, Katarína Adameková, Sándor Kele, Rastislav Milovský, Libor Petr, Peter Tóth, and Nicholas McKay
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-118, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Our analysis of the Santovka sedimentary record in Slovakia uncovered two major climate shifts at 8.2 and 7.4 ka BP. These shifts likely impacted temperature and humidity, and/or air mass circulation, and were caused by the drying of the lake at 7.4 ka BP. The sedimentary infill provides important information on the region's past climate, and future research must focus on its impact on the last hunter gatherers and first farmers in the context of spreading agriculture in Europe.
Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Nathan Steiger, Sylvia Dee, Chris Hancock, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To look at climate over the past 12 000 years, we reconstruct spatial temperature using natural climate archives and information from model simulations. Our results show mild global mean warmth around 6000 years ago, which differs somewhat from past reconstructions. Undiagnosed seasonal biases in the data could explain some of the observed temperature change, but this still would not explain the large difference between many reconstructions and climate models over this period.
Stephanie H. Arcusa, Nicholas P. McKay, Charlotte Wiman, Sela Patterson, Samuel E. Munoz, and Marco A. Aquino-López
Geochronology, 4, 409–433, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Annually banded lake sediment can track environmental change with high resolution in locations where alternatives are not available. Yet, information about chronology is often affected by poor appearance. Traditional methods struggle with these records. To overcome this obstacle we demonstrate a Bayesian approach that combines information from radiocarbon dating and laminations on cores from Columbine Lake, Colorado, expanding possibilities for producing high-resolution records globally.
Darrell S. Kaufman and Nicholas P. McKay
Clim. Past, 18, 911–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean surface temperatures are rising to levels unprecedented in over 100 000 years. This conclusion takes into account both recent global warming and likely future warming, which thereby enables a direct comparison with paleotemperature reconstructions on multi-century timescales.
Cody C. Routson, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, Michael P. Erb, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Kendrick J. Brown, Matthew E. Kirby, Jeremiah P. Marsicek, R. Scott Anderson, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jessica R. Rodysill, Matthew S. Lachniet, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Joseph R. Bennett, Michelle F. Goman, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Jennifer M. Galloway, Gerrit Schoups, David B. Wahl, Jesse L. Morris, Francisca Staines-Urías, Andria Dawson, Bryan N. Shuman, Daniel G. Gavin, Jeffrey S. Munroe, and Brian F. Cumming
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1613–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a curated database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records, which have been screened on length, resolution, and geochronology. The database gathers paleoclimate time series that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features from terrestrial and marine sites, spanning a region from Mexico to Alaska. This publicly accessible collection will facilitate a broad range of paleoclimate inquiry.
Chris S. M. Turney, Richard T. Jones, Nicholas P. McKay, Erik van Sebille, Zoë A. Thomas, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, and Christopher J. Fogwill
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3341–3356, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) experienced global temperatures and sea levels higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) are uncertain. We report a global network of sea surface temperatures. We find mean global annual temperature anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1˚C and an early maximum peak of 0.9 ± 0.1˚C. Our reconstruction suggests warmer waters contributed on average 0.08 ± 0.1 m and a peak contribution of 0.39 ± 0.1 m to global sea level.
Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Sandy P. Harrison, Pascale Braconnot, Charles J. R. Williams, David J. R. Thornalley, Xiaoxu Shi, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Rumi Ohgaito, Darrell S. Kaufman, Masa Kageyama, Julia C. Hargreaves, Michael P. Erb, Julien Emile-Geay, Roberta D'Agostino, Deepak Chandan, Matthieu Carré, Partrick J. Bartlein, Weipeng Zheng, Zhongshi Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Hu Yang, Evgeny M. Volodin, Robert A. Tomas, Cody Routson, W. Richard Peltier, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Polina A. Morozova, Nicholas P. McKay, Gerrit Lohmann, Allegra N. Legrande, Chuncheng Guo, Jian Cao, Esther Brady, James D. Annan, and Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Clim. Past, 16, 1847–1872, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an initial exploration and comparison to climate reconstructions of the new climate model simulations of the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago). These use state-of-the-art models developed for CMIP6 and apply the same experimental set-up. The models capture several key aspects of the climate, but some persistent issues remain.
Bronwen L. Konecky, Nicholas P. McKay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Laia Comas-Bru, Emilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Georgina M. Falster, Matt J. Fischer, Matthew D. Jones, Lukas Jonkers, Darrell S. Kaufman, Guillaume Leduc, Shreyas R. Managave, Belen Martrat, Thomas Opel, Anais J. Orsi, Judson W. Partin, Hussein R. Sayani, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Diane M. Thompson, Jonathan J. Tyler, Nerilie J. Abram, Alyssa R. Atwood, Olivier Cartapanis, Jessica L. Conroy, Mark A. Curran, Sylvia G. Dee, Michael Deininger, Dmitry V. Divine, Zoltán Kern, Trevor J. Porter, Samantha L. Stevenson, Lucien von Gunten, and Iso2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020
Lukas Jonkers, Olivier Cartapanis, Michael Langner, Nick McKay, Stefan Mulitza, Anne Strack, and Michal Kucera
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1053–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1053-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1053-2020, 2020
Ellie Broadman, Lorna L. Thurston, Erik Schiefer, Nicholas P. McKay, David Fortin, Jason Geck, Michael G. Loso, Matt Nolan, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Christopher W. Benson, Rebecca A. Ellerbroek, Michael P. Erb, Cody C. Routson, Charlotte Wiman, A. Jade Wong, and Darrell S. Kaufman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1957–1970, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1957-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1957-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid climate warming is impacting physical processes in Arctic environments. Glacier–fed lakes are influenced by many of these processes, and they are impacted by the changing behavior of weather, glaciers, and rivers. We present data from weather stations, river gauging stations, lake moorings, and more, following 4 years of environmental monitoring in the watershed of Lake Peters, a glacier–fed lake in Arctic Alaska. These data can help us study the changing dynamics of this remote setting.
Richard H. Levy, Gavin B. Dunbar, Marcus J. Vandergoes, Jamie D. Howarth, Tony Kingan, Alex R. Pyne, Grant Brotherston, Michael Clarke, Bob Dagg, Matthew Hill, Evan Kenton, Steve Little, Darcy Mandeno, Chris Moy, Philip Muldoon, Patrick Doyle, Conrad Raines, Peter Rutland, Delia Strong, Marianna Terezow, Leise Cochrane, Remo Cossu, Sean Fitzsimons, Fabio Florindo, Alexander L. Forrest, Andrew R. Gorman, Darrell S. Kaufman, Min Kyung Lee, Xun Li, Pontus Lurcock, Nicholas McKay, Faye Nelson, Jennifer Purdie, Heidi A. Roop, S. Geoffrey Schladow, Abha Sood, Phaedra Upton, Sharon L. Walker, and Gary S. Wilson
Sci. Dril., 24, 41–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-41-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-41-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new annually resolvable sedimentary record of southern hemisphere climate has been recovered from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand. The Lake Ohau Climate History (LOCH) Project acquired cores from two sites that preserve an 80 m thick sequence of laminated mud that accumulated since the lake formed ~ 17 000 years ago. Cores were recovered using a purpose-built barge and drilling system designed to recover soft sediment from relatively thick sedimentary sequences at water depths up to 100 m.
Bryan N. Shuman, Cody Routson, Nicholas McKay, Sherilyn Fritz, Darrell Kaufman, Matthew E. Kirby, Connor Nolan, Gregory T. Pederson, and Jeannine-Marie St-Jacques
Clim. Past, 14, 665–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-665-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-665-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A synthesis of 93 published records reveals that moisture availability increased over large portions of North America over the past 2000 years, the Common Era (CE). In many records, the second millennium CE tended to be wetter than the first millennium CE. The long-term changes formed the background for annual to multi-decade variations, such as "mega-droughts", and also provide a context for amplified rates of hydrologic change today.
Nicholas P. McKay and Julien Emile-Geay
Clim. Past, 12, 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The lack of accepted data formats and data standards in paleoclimatology is a growing problem that slows progress in the field. Here, we propose a preliminary data standard for paleoclimate data, general enough to accommodate all the proxy and measurement types encountered in a large international collaboration (PAGES 2k). We also introduce a data format for such structured data (Linked Paleo Data, or LiPD), leveraging recent advances in knowledge representation (Linked Open Data).
H. S. Sundqvist, D. S. Kaufman, N. P. McKay, N. L. Balascio, J. P. Briner, L. C. Cwynar, H. P. Sejrup, H. Seppä, D. A. Subetto, J. T. Andrews, Y. Axford, J. Bakke, H. J. B. Birks, S. J. Brooks, A. de Vernal, A. E. Jennings, F. C. Ljungqvist, K. M. Rühland, C. Saenger, J. P. Smol, and A. E. Viau
Clim. Past, 10, 1605–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014, 2014
Feng Zhu, Julien Emile-Geay, Gregory J. Hakim, Dominique Guillot, Deborah Khider, Robert Tardif, and Walter A. Perkins
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3409–3431, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3409-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3409-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate field reconstruction encompasses methods that estimate the evolution of climate in space and time based on natural archives. It is useful to investigate climate variations and validate climate models, but its implementation and use can be difficult for non-experts. This paper introduces a user-friendly Python package called cfr to make these methods more accessible, thanks to the computational and visualization tools that facilitate efficient and reproducible research on past climates.
Christopher L. Hancock, Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, and Sylvia G. Dee
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-746, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-746, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct global hydroclimate anomalies for the past 21,000 years using a data assimilation methodology blending observations recorded in lake sediments with the climate dynamics simulated by climate models. The reconstruction resolves data-model disagreement in East Africa and North America, and we find that changing global temperatures and associated circulation patterns as well as orbital forcing are the dominant controls on global precipitation over this interval.
Rachel M. Walter, Hussein R. Sayani, Thomas Felis, Kim M. Cobb, Nerilie J. Abram, Ariella K. Arzey, Alyssa R. Atwood, Logan D. Brenner, Émilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Bethany Ellis, Julien Emile-Geay, Matthew J. Fischer, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Jessica A. Hargreaves, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Hedwig Krawczyk, Nicholas P. McKay, Andrea L. Moore, Sujata A. Murty, Maria Rosabelle Ong, Riovie D. Ramos, Emma V. Reed, Dhrubajyoti Samanta, Sara C. Sanchez, Jens Zinke, and the PAGES CoralHydro2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2081–2116, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2081-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Accurately quantifying how the global hydrological cycle will change in the future remains challenging due to the limited availability of historical climate data from the tropics. Here we present the CoralHydro2k database – a new compilation of peer-reviewed coral-based climate records from the last 2000 years. This paper details the records included in the database and where the database can be accessed and demonstrates how the database can investigate past tropical climate variability.
Jan Petřík, Katarína Adameková, Sándor Kele, Rastislav Milovský, Libor Petr, Peter Tóth, and Nicholas McKay
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-118, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Our analysis of the Santovka sedimentary record in Slovakia uncovered two major climate shifts at 8.2 and 7.4 ka BP. These shifts likely impacted temperature and humidity, and/or air mass circulation, and were caused by the drying of the lake at 7.4 ka BP. The sedimentary infill provides important information on the region's past climate, and future research must focus on its impact on the last hunter gatherers and first farmers in the context of spreading agriculture in Europe.
Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Nathan Steiger, Sylvia Dee, Chris Hancock, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To look at climate over the past 12 000 years, we reconstruct spatial temperature using natural climate archives and information from model simulations. Our results show mild global mean warmth around 6000 years ago, which differs somewhat from past reconstructions. Undiagnosed seasonal biases in the data could explain some of the observed temperature change, but this still would not explain the large difference between many reconstructions and climate models over this period.
Stephanie H. Arcusa, Nicholas P. McKay, Charlotte Wiman, Sela Patterson, Samuel E. Munoz, and Marco A. Aquino-López
Geochronology, 4, 409–433, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-409-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-409-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Annually banded lake sediment can track environmental change with high resolution in locations where alternatives are not available. Yet, information about chronology is often affected by poor appearance. Traditional methods struggle with these records. To overcome this obstacle we demonstrate a Bayesian approach that combines information from radiocarbon dating and laminations on cores from Columbine Lake, Colorado, expanding possibilities for producing high-resolution records globally.
Darrell S. Kaufman and Nicholas P. McKay
Clim. Past, 18, 911–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-911-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Global mean surface temperatures are rising to levels unprecedented in over 100 000 years. This conclusion takes into account both recent global warming and likely future warming, which thereby enables a direct comparison with paleotemperature reconstructions on multi-century timescales.
Cody C. Routson, Darrell S. Kaufman, Nicholas P. McKay, Michael P. Erb, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Kendrick J. Brown, Matthew E. Kirby, Jeremiah P. Marsicek, R. Scott Anderson, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Jessica R. Rodysill, Matthew S. Lachniet, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Joseph R. Bennett, Michelle F. Goman, Sarah E. Metcalfe, Jennifer M. Galloway, Gerrit Schoups, David B. Wahl, Jesse L. Morris, Francisca Staines-Urías, Andria Dawson, Bryan N. Shuman, Daniel G. Gavin, Jeffrey S. Munroe, and Brian F. Cumming
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1613–1632, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1613-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a curated database of western North American Holocene paleoclimate records, which have been screened on length, resolution, and geochronology. The database gathers paleoclimate time series that reflect temperature, hydroclimate, or circulation features from terrestrial and marine sites, spanning a region from Mexico to Alaska. This publicly accessible collection will facilitate a broad range of paleoclimate inquiry.
Chris S. M. Turney, Richard T. Jones, Nicholas P. McKay, Erik van Sebille, Zoë A. Thomas, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, and Christopher J. Fogwill
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 3341–3356, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3341-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Interglacial (129–116 ka) experienced global temperatures and sea levels higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) are uncertain. We report a global network of sea surface temperatures. We find mean global annual temperature anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1˚C and an early maximum peak of 0.9 ± 0.1˚C. Our reconstruction suggests warmer waters contributed on average 0.08 ± 0.1 m and a peak contribution of 0.39 ± 0.1 m to global sea level.
Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Sandy P. Harrison, Pascale Braconnot, Charles J. R. Williams, David J. R. Thornalley, Xiaoxu Shi, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Rumi Ohgaito, Darrell S. Kaufman, Masa Kageyama, Julia C. Hargreaves, Michael P. Erb, Julien Emile-Geay, Roberta D'Agostino, Deepak Chandan, Matthieu Carré, Partrick J. Bartlein, Weipeng Zheng, Zhongshi Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Hu Yang, Evgeny M. Volodin, Robert A. Tomas, Cody Routson, W. Richard Peltier, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Polina A. Morozova, Nicholas P. McKay, Gerrit Lohmann, Allegra N. Legrande, Chuncheng Guo, Jian Cao, Esther Brady, James D. Annan, and Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Clim. Past, 16, 1847–1872, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides an initial exploration and comparison to climate reconstructions of the new climate model simulations of the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago). These use state-of-the-art models developed for CMIP6 and apply the same experimental set-up. The models capture several key aspects of the climate, but some persistent issues remain.
Bronwen L. Konecky, Nicholas P. McKay, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Laia Comas-Bru, Emilie P. Dassié, Kristine L. DeLong, Georgina M. Falster, Matt J. Fischer, Matthew D. Jones, Lukas Jonkers, Darrell S. Kaufman, Guillaume Leduc, Shreyas R. Managave, Belen Martrat, Thomas Opel, Anais J. Orsi, Judson W. Partin, Hussein R. Sayani, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Diane M. Thompson, Jonathan J. Tyler, Nerilie J. Abram, Alyssa R. Atwood, Olivier Cartapanis, Jessica L. Conroy, Mark A. Curran, Sylvia G. Dee, Michael Deininger, Dmitry V. Divine, Zoltán Kern, Trevor J. Porter, Samantha L. Stevenson, Lucien von Gunten, and Iso2k Project Members
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020
Lukas Jonkers, Olivier Cartapanis, Michael Langner, Nick McKay, Stefan Mulitza, Anne Strack, and Michal Kucera
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1053–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1053-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1053-2020, 2020
Ellie Broadman, Lorna L. Thurston, Erik Schiefer, Nicholas P. McKay, David Fortin, Jason Geck, Michael G. Loso, Matt Nolan, Stéphanie H. Arcusa, Christopher W. Benson, Rebecca A. Ellerbroek, Michael P. Erb, Cody C. Routson, Charlotte Wiman, A. Jade Wong, and Darrell S. Kaufman
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1957–1970, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1957-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1957-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid climate warming is impacting physical processes in Arctic environments. Glacier–fed lakes are influenced by many of these processes, and they are impacted by the changing behavior of weather, glaciers, and rivers. We present data from weather stations, river gauging stations, lake moorings, and more, following 4 years of environmental monitoring in the watershed of Lake Peters, a glacier–fed lake in Arctic Alaska. These data can help us study the changing dynamics of this remote setting.
Robert Tardif, Gregory J. Hakim, Walter A. Perkins, Kaleb A. Horlick, Michael P. Erb, Julien Emile-Geay, David M. Anderson, Eric J. Steig, and David Noone
Clim. Past, 15, 1251–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1251-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1251-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
An updated Last Millennium Reanalysis is presented, using an expanded multi-proxy database, and proxy models representing the seasonal characteristics of proxy records, in addition to the dual sensitivity to temperature and moisture of tree-ring-width chronologies. We show enhanced skill in spatial reconstructions of key climate variables in the updated reanalysis, compared to an earlier version, resulting from the combined influences of the enhanced proxy network and improved proxy modeling.
Richard H. Levy, Gavin B. Dunbar, Marcus J. Vandergoes, Jamie D. Howarth, Tony Kingan, Alex R. Pyne, Grant Brotherston, Michael Clarke, Bob Dagg, Matthew Hill, Evan Kenton, Steve Little, Darcy Mandeno, Chris Moy, Philip Muldoon, Patrick Doyle, Conrad Raines, Peter Rutland, Delia Strong, Marianna Terezow, Leise Cochrane, Remo Cossu, Sean Fitzsimons, Fabio Florindo, Alexander L. Forrest, Andrew R. Gorman, Darrell S. Kaufman, Min Kyung Lee, Xun Li, Pontus Lurcock, Nicholas McKay, Faye Nelson, Jennifer Purdie, Heidi A. Roop, S. Geoffrey Schladow, Abha Sood, Phaedra Upton, Sharon L. Walker, and Gary S. Wilson
Sci. Dril., 24, 41–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-41-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-41-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A new annually resolvable sedimentary record of southern hemisphere climate has been recovered from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand. The Lake Ohau Climate History (LOCH) Project acquired cores from two sites that preserve an 80 m thick sequence of laminated mud that accumulated since the lake formed ~ 17 000 years ago. Cores were recovered using a purpose-built barge and drilling system designed to recover soft sediment from relatively thick sedimentary sequences at water depths up to 100 m.
Bryan N. Shuman, Cody Routson, Nicholas McKay, Sherilyn Fritz, Darrell Kaufman, Matthew E. Kirby, Connor Nolan, Gregory T. Pederson, and Jeannine-Marie St-Jacques
Clim. Past, 14, 665–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-665-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-665-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A synthesis of 93 published records reveals that moisture availability increased over large portions of North America over the past 2000 years, the Common Era (CE). In many records, the second millennium CE tended to be wetter than the first millennium CE. The long-term changes formed the background for annual to multi-decade variations, such as "mega-droughts", and also provide a context for amplified rates of hydrologic change today.
Hansi K. A. Singh, Gregory J. Hakim, Robert Tardif, Julien Emile-Geay, and David C. Noone
Clim. Past, 14, 157–174, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-157-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-157-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is prominent in the climate system. We study the AMO over the last 2000 years using a novel proxy framework, the Last Millennium Reanalysis. We find that the AMO is linked to continental warming, Arctic sea ice retreat, and an Atlantic precipitation shift. Low clouds decrease globally. We find no distinct multidecadal spectral peak in the AMO over the last 2 millennia, suggesting that human activities may have enhanced the AMO in the modern era.
Nicholas P. McKay and Julien Emile-Geay
Clim. Past, 12, 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The lack of accepted data formats and data standards in paleoclimatology is a growing problem that slows progress in the field. Here, we propose a preliminary data standard for paleoclimate data, general enough to accommodate all the proxy and measurement types encountered in a large international collaboration (PAGES 2k). We also introduce a data format for such structured data (Linked Paleo Data, or LiPD), leveraging recent advances in knowledge representation (Linked Open Data).
J. Emile-Geay and M. Tingley
Clim. Past, 12, 31–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-31-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-31-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Ignoring nonlinearity in palaeoclimate records (e.g. continental run-off proxies) runs the risk of severely overstating changes in climate variability. Even with the correct model and parameters, some information is irretrievably lost by such proxies. However, we find that a simple empirical transform can do much to improve the situation, and makes them amenable to classical analyses. Doing so on two palaeo-ENSO records markedly changes some of the quantitative inferences made from such records.
H. S. Sundqvist, D. S. Kaufman, N. P. McKay, N. L. Balascio, J. P. Briner, L. C. Cwynar, H. P. Sejrup, H. Seppä, D. A. Subetto, J. T. Andrews, Y. Axford, J. Bakke, H. J. B. Birks, S. J. Brooks, A. de Vernal, A. E. Jennings, F. C. Ljungqvist, K. M. Rühland, C. Saenger, J. P. Smol, and A. E. Viau
Clim. Past, 10, 1605–1631, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1605-2014, 2014
M. Comboul, J. Emile-Geay, M. N. Evans, N. Mirnateghi, K. M. Cobb, and D. M. Thompson
Clim. Past, 10, 825–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-825-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-825-2014, 2014
J. Wang, J. Emile-Geay, D. Guillot, J. E. Smerdon, and B. Rajaratnam
Clim. Past, 10, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Geochronological data analysis/statistics/modelling
Navigating the complexity of detrital rutile provenance: methodological insights from the Neotethys Orogen in Anatolia
Solving crustal heat transfer for thermochronology using physics-informed neural networks
Minimizing the effects of Pb loss in detrital and igneous U–Pb zircon geochronology by CA-LA-ICP-MS
Technical note: RA138 Calcite U-Pb LA-ICP-MS primary reference material
(anchored) isochrons in IsoplotR
The daughter-parent plot: a tool for analyzing thermochronological data
Modeling apparent Pb loss in zircon U–Pb geochronology
Calibration methods for laser ablation Rb–Sr geochronology: comparisons and recommendation based on NIST glass and natural reference materials
Revising chronological uncertainties in marine archives using global anthropogenic signals: a case study
Short communication: Resolving the discrepancy between U–Pb age estimates for the ‘Likhall’ zircon bed, a key level in the Ordovician timescale
Short communication: The Wasserstein distance as a dissimilarity metric for comparing detrital age spectra and other geological distributions
ChronoLorica: introduction of a soil–landscape evolution model combined with geochronometers
Technical note: colab_zirc_dims: a Google Colab-compatible toolset for automated and semi-automated measurement of mineral grains in laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry images using deep learning models
Calculation of uncertainty in the (U–Th) ∕ He system
Bayesian age–depth modelling applied to varve and radiometric dating to optimize the transfer of an existing high-resolution chronology to a new composite sediment profile from Holzmaar (West Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)
Short communication: age2exhume – a MATLAB/Python script to calculate steady-state vertical exhumation rates from thermochronometric ages and application to the Himalaya
U and Th content in magnetite and Al spinel obtained by wet chemistry and laser ablation methods: implication for (U–Th) ∕ He thermochronometer
In situ LA-ICPMS U–Pb dating of sulfates: applicability of carbonate reference materials as matrix-matched standards
An algorithm for U–Pb geochronology by secondary ion mass spectrometry
Technical note: Rapid phase identification of apatite and zircon grains for geochronology using X-ray micro-computed tomography
Simulating sedimentary burial cycles – Part 2: Elemental-based multikinetic apatite fission-track interpretation and modelling techniques illustrated using examples from northern Yukon
sandbox – creating and analysing synthetic sediment sections with R
Improving age–depth relationships by using the LANDO (“Linked age and depth modeling”) model ensemble
How many grains are needed for quantifying catchment erosion from tracer thermochronology?
Short communication: Inverse isochron regression for Re–Os, K–Ca and other chronometers
Technical note: Analytical protocols and performance for apatite and zircon (U–Th) ∕ He analysis on quadrupole and magnetic sector mass spectrometer systems between 2007 and 2020
Simulating sedimentary burial cycles – Part 1: Investigating the role of apatite fission track annealing kinetics using synthetic data
The closure temperature(s) of zircon Raman dating
On the treatment of discordant detrital zircon U–Pb data
An evaluation of Deccan Traps eruption rates using geochronologic data
Development of a multi-method chronology spanning the Last Glacial Interval from Orakei maar lake, Auckland, New Zealand
Robust isochron calculation
Resolving the timescales of magmatic and hydrothermal processes associated with porphyry deposit formation using zircon U–Pb petrochronology
Seasonal deposition processes and chronology of a varved Holocene lake sediment record from Chatyr Kol lake (Kyrgyz Republic)
Unifying the U–Pb and Th–Pb methods: joint isochron regression and common Pb correction
Exploring the advantages and limitations of in situ U–Pb carbonate geochronology using speleothems
Megan A. Mueller, Alexis Licht, Andreas Möller, Cailey B. Condit, Julie C. Fosdick, Faruk Ocakoğlu, and Clay Campbell
Geochronology, 6, 265–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sedimentary provenance refers to the study of the origin of sedimentary rocks, tracing where sediment particles originated. Common sedimentary provenance techniques struggle to track mafic igneous and metamorphic rock sources and rutile forms in these rock types. We use rutile form ancient sedimentary rocks in Türkiye to present new recommendations and workflows for integrating rutile U–Pb ages and chemical composition into an accurate sedimentary provenance reconstruction.
Ruohong Jiao, Shengze Cai, and Jean Braun
Geochronology, 6, 227–245, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-227-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-227-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate a machine learning method to estimate the temperature changes in the Earth's crust over time. The method respects physical laws and conditions imposed by users. By using observed rock cooling ages as constraints, the method can be used to estimate the tectonic and landscape evolution of the Earth. We show the applications of the method using a synthetic rock uplift model in 1D and an evolution model of a real mountain range in 3D.
Erin E. Donaghy, Michael P. Eddy, Federico Moreno, and Mauricio Ibañez-Mejia
Geochronology, 6, 89–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-89-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-89-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical abrasion (CA) is a technique that reduces or eliminates the effects of Pb loss in zircon U–Pb geochronology. However, CA has yet to be applied to large-n detrital zircon (DZ) analyses. We show that CA does not negatively impact or systematically bias U–Pb dates, improves the resolution of age populations defined by 206Pb/238U dates, and increases the percentage of concordant analyses in age populations defined by 207Pb/206Pb dates.
Marcel Guillong, Elias Samankassou, Inigo A. Müller, Dawid Szymanowski, Nathan Looser, Lorenzo Tavazzani, Óscar Merino-Tomé, Juan R. Bahamonde, Yannick Buret, and Maria Ovtcharova
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-7, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-7, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GChron
Short summary
Short summary
RA138 is a new reference material for U-Pb dating of carbonate samples via LA-ICP-MS. RA138 exhibits variable U/Pb ratios and consistent U content, resulting in a precise isochron with low uncertainty. ID-TIMS analyses fix a reference age of 321.99 ± 0.65 Ma. The observed systematic uncertainty challenges previous estimates. This research advances our ability to date carbonate samples accurately, providing deeper insights into geological processes and historical timelines.
Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-5, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-5, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GChron
Short summary
Short summary
The age of some geological materials can be estimated from the ratio of certain radiogenic 'daughter' isotopes to their radioactive 'parent'. However, in many cases, the age estimation process is complicated by the presence of an inherited component of nonradiogenic daughter isotopes. This paper presents an improved algorithm to estimate the radiogenic and non-radiogenic components, either separately or jointly.
Birk Härtel and Eva Enkelmann
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-1, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-1, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GChron
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new data analysis workflow for thermochronological data based on plots of radiogenic daughter vs. radioactive parent concentration. The daughter-parent relationship helps to identify the sources of age variation. Our workflow classifies the daughter-parent relationship and provides further suggestions, e.g., if a dataset can be described by a sample age and which type of sample age to report.
Glenn R. Sharman and Matthew A. Malkowski
Geochronology, 6, 37–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-37-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-37-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The mineral zircon is widely used to determine the age of rocks based on the radioactive decay of U to Pb, but the measured U–Pb date can be too young if the zircon loses Pb. We present a method for estimating the distribution of apparent Pb loss by mathematical convolution. Applying this approach to 10 samples illustrates contrasting patterns of apparent Pb loss. This study highlights the importance of quantifying Pb loss to better understand its potential effects on zircon U–Pb dates.
Stijn Glorie, Sarah E. Gilbert, Martin Hand, and Jarred C. Lloyd
Geochronology, 6, 21–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-21-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-21-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiometric dating methods, involving laser ablation as the sample introduction, require robust calibrations to reference materials with similar ablation properties to the analysed samples. In the case of the rubidium–strontium dating method, calibrations are often conducted to nano powder with different ablation characteristics than the crystalline minerals. We describe the limitations of this approach and recommend an alternative calibration method involving natural minerals.
Nil Irvalı, Ulysses S. Ninnemann, Are Olsen, Neil L. Rose, David J. R. Thornalley, Tor L. Mjell, and François Counillon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2845, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2845, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Marine sediments are excellent archives for reconstructing past changes in climate and ocean circulation. Yet, dating uncertainties, particularly during the 20th century, pose major challenges. Here we propose a novel chronostratigraphic approach that uses anthropogenic signals, such as the oceanic 13C Suess effect and spheroidal carbonaceous fly ash particles, to reduce age model uncertainties in high-resolution marine archives over the 20th century.
André Navin Paul, Anders Lindskog, and Urs Schaltegger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2597, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2597, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The `Likhall´ zircon bed helps to constrain the timing of increased meteorite bombardment of the Earth, during the Ordovician period. It is important to understand the timing of this meteorite bombardment when attempting to correlate it with biodiversity changes during the Ordovician period. Calibrating a good age for the ´Likhall´ bed is however challenging and benefited in this study from advances in sample preparation.
Alex Lipp and Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 5, 263–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-263-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-263-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose using the Wasserstein-2 distance (W2) as an alternative to the widely used Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic for analysing distributional data in geochronology. W2 measures the horizontal distance between observations, while KS measures vertical differences in cumulative distributions. Using case studies, we find that W2 is preferable in scenarios where the absolute age differences in observations provide important geological information. W2 has been added to the R package IsoplotR.
W. Marijn van der Meij, Arnaud J. A. M. Temme, Steven A. Binnie, and Tony Reimann
Geochronology, 5, 241–261, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-241-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-241-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present our model ChronoLorica. We coupled the original Lorica model, which simulates soil and landscape evolution, with a geochronological module that traces cosmogenic nuclide inventories and particle ages through simulations. These properties are often measured in the field to determine rates of landscape change. The coupling enables calibration of the model and the study of how soil, landscapes and geochronometers change under complex boundary conditions such as intensive land management.
Michael C. Sitar and Ryan J. Leary
Geochronology, 5, 109–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed code to automatically and semi-automatically measure dimensions of detrital mineral grains in reflected-light images saved at laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry facilities that use Chromium targeting software. Our code uses trained deep learning models to segment grain images with greater accuracy than is achievable using other segmentation techniques. We implement our code in Jupyter notebooks which can also be run online via Google Colab.
Peter E. Martin, James R. Metcalf, and Rebecca M. Flowers
Geochronology, 5, 91–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-91-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-91-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is currently no standardized method of performing uncertainty propagation in the (U–Th) / He system, causing data interpretation difficulties. We present two methods of uncertainty propagation and describe free, open-source software (HeCalc) to apply them. Compilation of real data using only analytical uncertainty as well as 2 % and 5 % uncertainties in FT yields respective median relative date uncertainties of 2.9 %, 3.3 %, and 5.0 % for apatites and 1.7 %, 3.3 %, and 5.0 % for zircons.
Stella Birlo, Wojciech Tylmann, and Bernd Zolitschka
Geochronology, 5, 65–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-65-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-65-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment cores from the volcanic lake Holzmaar provide a very precise chronology based on tree-ring-like annual laminations or varves. We statistically combine this varve chronology with radiometric dating and tested three different methods to upgrade the age–depth model. However, only one of the three methods tested improved the dating accuracy considerably. With this work, an overview of different age integration methods is discussed and made available for increased future demands.
Peter van der Beek and Taylor F. Schildgen
Geochronology, 5, 35–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-35-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-35-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Thermochronometric data can provide unique insights into the patterns of rock exhumation and the driving mechanisms of landscape evolution. Several well-established thermal models allow for a detailed exploration of how cooling rates evolved in a limited area or along a transect, but more regional analyses have been challenging. We present age2exhume, a thermal model that can be used to rapidly provide a synoptic overview of exhumation rates from large regional thermochronologic datasets.
Marianna Corre, Arnaud Agranier, Martine Lanson, Cécile Gautheron, Fabrice Brunet, and Stéphane Schwartz
Geochronology, 4, 665–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-665-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-665-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is focused on the accurate measurement of U and Th by wet chemistry and laser ablation methods to improve (U–Th)/He dating of magnetite and spinel. The low U–Th content and the lack of specific U–Th standards significantly limit the accuracy of (U–Th)/He dating. Obtained U–Th results on natural and synthetic magnetite and aluminous spinel samples analyzed by wet chemistry methods and LA-ICP-MS sampling have important implications for the (U–Th)/He method and dates interpretation.
Aratz Beranoaguirre, Iuliana Vasiliev, and Axel Gerdes
Geochronology, 4, 601–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-601-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
U–Pb dating by the in situ laser ablation mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) technique requires reference materials of the same nature as the samples to be analysed. Here, we have explored the suitability of using carbonate materials as a reference for sulfates, since there is no sulfate reference material. The results we obtained are satisfactory, and thus, from now on, the sulfates can also be analysed.
Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 4, 561–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is the oldest and most sensitive analytical technique for in situ U–Pb geochronology. This paper introduces a new algorithm for SIMS data reduction that treats data as
compositional data, which means that the relative abundances of 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, and 238Pb are processed within a tetrahedral data space or
simplex. The new method is implemented in an eponymous computer programme that is compatible with the two dominant types of SIMS instruments.
Emily H. G. Cooperdock, Florian Hofmann, Ryley M. C. Tibbetts, Anahi Carrera, Aya Takase, and Aaron J. Celestian
Geochronology, 4, 501–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-501-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-501-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Apatite and zircon are the most widely used minerals for dating rocks, but they can be difficult to identify in some crushed rock samples. Incorrect mineral identification results in wasted analytical resources and inaccurate data. We show how X-ray computed tomography can be used to efficiently and accurately distinguish apatite from zircon based on density variations, and provide non-destructive 3D grain-specific size, shape, and inclusion information for improved data quality.
Dale R. Issler, Kalin T. McDannell, Paul B. O'Sullivan, and Larry S. Lane
Geochronology, 4, 373–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks of northern Canada have compositionally heterogeneous detrital apatite with high age dispersion caused by differential thermal annealing. Discrete apatite fission track kinetic populations with variable annealing temperatures are defined using elemental data but are poorly resolved using conventional parameters. Inverse thermal modelling of samples from northern Yukon reveals a record of multiple heating–cooling cycles consistent with geological constraints.
Michael Dietze, Sebastian Kreutzer, Margret C. Fuchs, and Sascha Meszner
Geochronology, 4, 323–338, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-323-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-323-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The R package sandbox is a collection of functions that allow the creation, sampling and analysis of fully virtual sediment sections, like having a virtual twin of real-world deposits. This article introduces the concept, features, and workflows required to use sandbox. It shows how a real-world sediment section can be mapped into the model and subsequently addresses a series of theoretical and practical questions, exploiting the flexibility of the model framework.
Gregor Pfalz, Bernhard Diekmann, Johann-Christoph Freytag, Liudmila Syrykh, Dmitry A. Subetto, and Boris K. Biskaborn
Geochronology, 4, 269–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use age–depth modeling systems to understand the relationship between age and depth in lake sediment cores. However, depending on which modeling system we use, the model results may vary. We provide a tool to link different modeling systems in an interactive computational environment and make their results comparable. We demonstrate the power of our tool by highlighting three case studies in which we test our application for single-sediment cores and a collection of multiple sediment cores.
Andrea Madella, Christoph Glotzbach, and Todd A. Ehlers
Geochronology, 4, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cooling ages date the time at which minerals cross a certain isotherm on the way up to Earth's surface. Such ages can be measured from bedrock material and river sand. If spatial variations in bedrock ages are known in a river catchment, the spatial distribution of erosion can be inferred from the distribution of the ages measured from the river sand grains. Here we develop a new tool to help such analyses, with particular emphasis on quantifying uncertainties due to sample size.
Yang Li and Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 3, 415–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-415-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-415-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A conventional isochron is a straight-line fit to two sets of isotopic ratios, D/d and P/d, where P is the radioactive parent, D is the radiogenic daughter, and d is a second isotope of the daughter element. The slope of this line is proportional to the age of the system. An inverse isochron is a linear fit through d/D and P/D. The horizontal intercept of this line is inversely proportional to the age. The latter approach is preferred when d<D, which is the case in Re–Os and K–Ca geochronology.
Cécile Gautheron, Rosella Pinna-Jamme, Alexis Derycke, Floriane Ahadi, Caroline Sanchez, Frédéric Haurine, Gael Monvoisin, Damien Barbosa, Guillaume Delpech, Joseph Maltese, Philippe Sarda, and Laurent Tassan-Got
Geochronology, 3, 351–370, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Apatite and zircon (U–Th) / He thermochronology is now a mainstream tool to reconstruct Earth's evolution through the history of cooling and exhumation over the first dozen kilometers. The geological implications of these data rely on the precision of measurements of He, U, Th, and Sm contents in crystals. This technical note documents the methods for He thermochronology developed at the GEOPS laboratory, Paris-Saclay University, that allow (U–Th) / He data to be obtained with precision.
Kalin T. McDannell and Dale R. Issler
Geochronology, 3, 321–335, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We generated a synthetic dataset applying published kinetic models and distinct annealing kinetics for the apatite fission track and (U–Th)/He methods using a predetermined thermal history. We then tested how well the true thermal history could be recovered under different data interpretation schemes and geologic constraint assumptions using the Bayesian QTQt software. Our results demonstrate that multikinetic data increase time–temperature resolution and can constrain complex thermal histories.
Birk Härtel, Raymond Jonckheere, Bastian Wauschkuhn, and Lothar Ratschbacher
Geochronology, 3, 259–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out thermal annealing experiments between 500 and 1000 °C to determine the closure temperature of radiation-damage annealing in zircon (ZrSiO4). Our results show that the different Raman bands of zircon respond differently to annealing. The repair is highest for the external rotation Raman band near 356.6 cm−1. The closure temperature estimates range from 250 to 370 °C for different bands. The differences in closure temperatures offer the prospect of multi-T zircon Raman dating.
Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 3, 247–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows that the current practice of filtering discordant U–Pb data based on the relative difference between the 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb ages is just one of several possible approaches to the problem and demonstrably not the best one. An alternative approach is to define discordance in terms of isotopic composition, as a log ratio distance between the measurement and the concordia line. Application to real data indicates that this reduces the positive bias of filtered age spectra.
Blair Schoene, Michael P. Eddy, C. Brenhin Keller, and Kyle M. Samperton
Geochronology, 3, 181–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compare two published U–Pb and 40Ar / 39Ar geochronologic datasets to produce eruption rate models for the Deccan Traps large igneous province. Applying the same approach to each dataset, the resulting models agree well, but the higher-precision U–Pb dataset results in a more detailed eruption model than the lower-precision 40Ar / 39Ar data. We explore sources of geologic uncertainty and reiterate the importance of systematic uncertainties in comparing U–Pb and 40Ar / 39Ar datasets.
Leonie Peti, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, Jenni L. Hopkins, Andreas Nilsson, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink, Charles Mifsud, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, and Paul C. Augustinus
Geochronology, 2, 367–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Orakei Basin – a former maar lake in Auckland, New Zealand – provides an outstanding sediment record over the last ca. 130 000 years, but an age model is required to allow the reconstruction of climate change and volcanic eruptions contained in the sequence. To construct a relationship between depth in the sediment core and age of deposition, we combined tephrochronology, radiocarbon dating, luminescence dating, and the relative intensity of the paleomagnetic field in a Bayesian age–depth model.
Roger Powell, Eleanor C. R. Green, Estephany Marillo Sialer, and Jon Woodhead
Geochronology, 2, 325–342, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The standard approach to isochron calculation assumes that the distribution of uncertainties on the data arising from isotopic analysis is strictly Gaussian. This excludes datasets that have more scatter, even though many appear to have age significance. Our new approach requires only that the central part of the uncertainty distribution of the data defines a "spine" in the trend of the data. A robust statistics approach is used to locate the spine, and an implementation in Python is given.
Simon J. E. Large, Jörn-Frederik Wotzlaw, Marcel Guillong, Albrecht von Quadt, and Christoph A. Heinrich
Geochronology, 2, 209–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-209-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-209-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The integration of zircon geochemistry and U–Pb geochronology (petrochronology) allows us to improve our understanding of magmatic processes. Here we could reconstruct the ~300 kyr evolution of the magma reservoir that sourced the magmas, fluids and metals to form the Batu Hijau porphyry Cu–Au deposit. The application of in situ LA-ICP-MS and high-precision CA–ID–TIMS geochronology to the same zircons further allowed an assessment of the strengths and limitations of the different techniques.
Julia Kalanke, Jens Mingram, Stefan Lauterbach, Ryskul Usubaliev, Rik Tjallingii, and Achim Brauer
Geochronology, 2, 133–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-133-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-133-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study presents the first seasonally laminated (varved) sediment record covering almost the entire Holocene in high mountainous arid Central Asia. The established floating varve chronology is confirmed by two terrestrial radiocarbon dates, whereby aquatic radiocarbon dates reveal decreasing reservoir ages up core. Changes in seasonal deposition characteristics are attributed to changes in runoff and precipitation and/or to evaporative summer conditions.
Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 2, 119–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The U–Pb method is one of the most powerful and versatile methods in the geochronological toolbox. With two isotopes of uranium decaying to two different isotopes of lead, the U–Pb method offers an internal quality control that is absent from most other geochronological techniques. U-bearing minerals often contain significant amounts of Th, which decays to a third Pb isotope. This paper presents an algorithm to jointly process all three chronometers at once.
Jon Woodhead and Joseph Petrus
Geochronology, 1, 69–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-69-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-69-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recently developed methods for in situ U–Pb age determination in carbonates have found widespread application, but the benefits and limitations of the method over bulk analysis approaches have yet to be fully explored. Here we use speleothems – cave carbonates such as stalagmites and flowstones – to investigate the utility of these in situ dating methodologies for challenging matrices with low U and Pb contents and predominantly late Cenozoic ages.
Cited articles
Ahn, S., Khider, D., Lisiecki, L. E., and Lawrence, C. E.: A probabilistic
Pliocene–Pleistocene stack of benthic δ18O using a profile
hidden Markov model, Dynamics and Statistics of the Climate System, 2,
dzx002, https://doi.org/10.1093/climsys/dzx002, 2017. a
Alley, R. B.: Ice-core evidence of abrupt climate changes,
P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 1331–1334, 2000. a
Andersen, K. K., Svensson, A., Johnsen, S. J., Rasmussen, S. O., Bigler, M., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Steffensen, J. P., Dahl-Jensen, D., and Vinther, B. M.: The Greenland ice core chronology 2005, 15–42 ka, Part 1: constructing the time scale, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 3246–3257, 2006. a
Balco, G., Briner, J., Finkel, R. C., Rayburn, J. A., Ridge, J. C., and
Schaefer, J. M.: Regional beryllium−10 production rate calibration for
late-glacial northeastern North America, Quat. Geochronol., 4,
93–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2008.09.001, 2009. a
Becker, R. A., Wilks, A. R., Minka, R. B. T. P., and Deckmyn, A.: maps: Draw
Geographical Maps, R package, version 3.3.0, available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=maps (last access: 22 February 2021), 2018. a
Benjamini, Y. and Hochberg, Y.: Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A
Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing,
J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B Met., 57, 289–300, 1995. a
Bhattacharya, T. and Coats, S.: Atlantic-Pacific Gradients Drive Last
Millennium Hydroclimate Variability in Mesoamerica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2020GL088061, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088061, 2020. a, b
Blaauw, M.: Out of tune: the dangers of aligning proxy archives, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 36, 38–49, 2012. a
Blaauw, M., Christen, J., Mauquoy, D., van der Plicht, J., and Bennett, K.:
Testing the timing of radiocarbon-dated events between proxy archives,
Holocene, 17, 283–288, 2007. a
Blaauw, M., Wohlfarth, B., Christen, J. A., Ampel, L., Veres, D., Hughen,
K. A., Preusser, F., and Svensson, A.: Were last glacial climate events
simultaneous between Greenland and France? A quantitative comparison using
non-tuned chronologies, J. Quaternary Sci., 25, 387–394, 2010. a
Boers, N., Goswami, B., and Ghil, M.: A complete representation of uncertainties in layer-counted paleoclimatic archives, Clim. Past, 13, 1169–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1169-2017, 2017. a
Boldt, B. R., Kaufman, D. S., McKay, N. P., and Briner, J. P.: Holocene summer temperature reconstruction from sedimentary chlorophyll content, with
treatment of age uncertainties, Kurupa Lake, Arctic Alaska, Holocene, 25, 641–650, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614565929, 2015. a, b, c
Bond, G., Kromer, B., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Evans, M. N., Showers, W.,
Hoffmann, S., Lotti-Bond, R., Hajdas, I., and Bonani, G.: Persistent Solar
Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene, Science, 294,
2130–2136, 2001. a
Bronk Ramsey, C.: Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy: The
OxCal program, Radiocarbon, 37, 425–430, 1995. a
Bronk Ramsey, C.: Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates, Radiocarbon, 51,
337–360, 2009. a
Bronk Ramsey, C., Dee, M., Lee, S., Nakagawa, T., and Staff, R. A.:
Developments in the calibration and modeling of radiocarbon dates,
Radiocarbon, 52, 953–961, 2010. a
Bunn, A. G.: A dendrochronology program library in R (dplR), Dendrochronologia, 26, 115–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2008.01.002, 2008. a
Charreau, J., Blard, P.-H., Zumaque, J., Martin, L. C., Delobel, T., and
Szafran, L.: Basinga: A cell-by-cell GIS toolbox for computing basin average
scaling factors, cosmogenic production rates and denudation rates,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 44, 2349–2365, 2019. a
Comboul, M., Emile-Geay, J., Evans, M. N., Mirnateghi, N., Cobb, K. M., and Thompson, D. M.: A probabilistic model of chronological errors in layer-counted climate proxies: applications to annually banded coral archives, Clim. Past, 10, 825–841, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-825-2014, 2014. a, b, c, d, e
Corrick, E. C., Drysdale, R. N., Hellstrom, J. C., Capron, E., Rasmussen,
S. O., Zhang, X., Fleitmann, D., Couchoud, I., and Wolff, E.: Synchronous
timing of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period, Science,
369, 963–969, 2020. a
Dee, S., Emile-Geay, J., Evans, M. N., Allam, A., Steig, E. J., and Thompson,
D. M.: PRYSM: An open-source framework for PRoxY System Modeling, with
applications to oxygen-isotope systems,
J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 7, 1220–1247, 2015. a
Deininger, M., McDermott, F., Mudelsee, M., Werner, M., Frank, N., and Mangini, A.: Coherency of late Holocene European speleothem δ18O records linked to North Atlantic Ocean circulation, Clim. Dynam., 49, 595–618, 2017. a
DeLong, K. L., Quinn, T. M., Taylor, F. W., Shen, C.-C., and Lin, K.: Improving coral-base paleoclimate reconstructions by replicating 350 years of coral
Duan, W., Cheng, H., Tan, M., and Edwards, R. L.: Onset and duration of
transitions into Greenland Interstadials 15.2 and 14 in northern China
constrained by an annually laminated stalagmite, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6,
20844, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20844, 2016. a
Ebisuzaki, W.: A Method to Estimate the Statistical Significance of a
Correlation When the Data Are Serially Correlated, J. Climate, 10,
2147–2153, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2147:AMTETS>2.0.CO;2, 1997. a
Eggins, S. M., Grün, R., McCulloch, M. T., Pike, A. W., Chappell, J.,
Kinsley, L., Mortimer, G., Shelley, M., Murray-Wallace, C. V., and Spötl,
C.: In situ U-series dating by laser-ablation multi-collector ICPMS: new
prospects for Quaternary Geochronology, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24,
2523–2538, 2005. a
Emile-Geay, J. and Tingley, M.: Inferring climate variability from nonlinear proxies: application to palaeo-ENSO studies, Clim. Past, 12, 31–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-31-2016, 2016. a
Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., et al.: A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the Common Era, Scientific Data, 4, 170088, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.88, 2017. a
Falster, G., Tyler, J., Grant, K., Tibby, J., Turney, C., Löhr, S.,
Jacobsen, G., and Kershaw, A. P.: Millennial-scale variability in south-east
Australian hydroclimate between 30 000 and 10 000 years ago, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 192, 106–122, 2018. a
Foster, G.: Wavelets for period analysis of unevenly sampled time series,
Astron. J., 112, 1709–1729, https://doi.org/10.1086/118137, 1996. a
Haam, E. and Huybers, P.: A test for the presence of covariance between
time-uncertain series of data with application to the Dongge Cave speleothem
and atmospheric radiocarbon records, Paleoceanography, 25, PA2209,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001713, 2010. a
Hanhijärvi, S., Tingley, M. P., and Korhola, A.: Pairwise comparisons to
reconstruct mean temperature in the Arctic Atlantic Region over the last
2000 years, Clim. Dynam., 41, 2039–2060, 2013. a
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., and Lo, K.: Global surface temperature change, Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RG000345, 2010. a
Haslett, J. and Parnell, A.: A simple monotone process with application to
radiocarbon-dated depth chronologies,
J. R. Stat. Soc. C-Appl., 57, 399–418, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00623.x, 2008. a
Heegaard, E., Birks, H. J. B., and Telford, R. J.: Relationships between
calibrated ages and depth in stratigraphical sequences: an estimation
procedure by mixed-effect regression, Holocene, 15, 612–618, 2005. a
Hu, J., Emile-Geay, J., and Partin, J.: Correlation-based interpretations of
paleoclimate data – where statistics meet past climates,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 459, 362–371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.048, 2017. a, b, c
Huybers, P. and Wunsch, C.: A depth-derived Pleistocene age model:
Uncertainty estimates, sedimentation variability, and nonlinear climate
change, Paleoceanography, 19, PA1028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000857, 2004. a
Imbrie, J., Hays, J., Martinson, D., Mcintyre, A., Mix, A., Morley, J., Pisias, N., Prell, W., and Shackleton, N.: The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate change: Support from a revised chronology of the marine δ18O record, in: Milankovitch and Climate, edited by: Berger, A., Imbrie, J., Hays, J., and Kukla, J., 269–305, 1984. a
Kahle, D. and Wickham, H.: ggmap: Spatial Visualization with ggplot2,
R J., 5, 144–161, available at:
https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2013-1/kahle-wickham.pdf (last access 22 February 2021), 2013. a
Kaufman, D., McKay, N., Routson, C., et al.: A global database of
Holocene paleotemperature records, Scientific Data, 7, 1–34,
2020b. a
Khider, D., Jackson, C. S., and Stott, L. D.: Assessing millennial-scale
variability during the Holocene: A perspective from the western tropical
Pacific, Paleoceanography, 29, 143–159, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013pa002534, 2014. a, b
Khider, D., Ahn, S., Lisiecki, L. E., Lawrence, C. E., and Kienast, M.: The
Role of Uncertainty in Estimating Lead/Lag Relationships in Marine
Sedimentary Archives: A Case Study From the Tropical Pacific,
Paleoceanography, 32, 1275–1290, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016pa003057, 2017. a, b, c, d
Konecky, B. L., McKay, N. P., Churakova (Sidorova), O. V., Comas-Bru, L., Dassié, E. P., DeLong, K. L., Falster, G. M., Fischer, M. J., Jones, M. D., Jonkers, L., Kaufman, D. S., Leduc, G., Managave, S. R., Martrat, B., Opel, T., Orsi, A. J., Partin, J. W., Sayani, H. R., Thomas, E. K., Thompson, D. M., Tyler, J. J., Abram, N. J., Atwood, A. R., Cartapanis, O., Conroy, J. L., Curran, M. A., Dee, S. G., Deininger, M., Divine, D. V., Kern, Z., Porter, T. J., Stevenson, S. L., von Gunten, L., and Iso2k Project Members: The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-δ18O and δ2H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261–2288, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020. a
Lin, L., Khider, D., Lisiecki, L., and Lawrence, C.: Probabilistic sequence
alignment of stratigraphic records, Paleoceanography, 29, 976–989,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014PA002713, 2014. a
Lisiecki, L. E.: Links between eccentricity forcing and the 100 000 year glacial cycle, Nat. Geosci., 3, 349–352, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO828, 2010. a
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57
globally distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography,
20, PA1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005. a, b, c
Liu, Y., Henderson, G., Hu, C., Mason, A., Charnley, N., Johnson, K., and Xie, S.: Links between the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate during the 8200 year event, Nat. Geosci., 6, 117–120, 2013. a
Lovejoy, S. and Schertzer, D.: The Weather and Climate: Emergent Laws and
Multifractal Cascades, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge University Press, New York, 508 pp., 2013. a
Mann, M. and Lees, J.: Robust Estimation of Background Noise and Signal
Detection in Climatic Time Series, Climate Change, 33, 409–445, 1996. a
Marcott, S. A., Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., and Mix, A. C.: A Reconstruction
of Regional and Global Temperature for the Past 11 300 Years, Science, 339,
1198–1201, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228026, 2013. a, b
Masarik, J. and Beer, J.: An updated simulation of particle fluxes and
cosmogenic nuclide production in the Earth's atmosphere, (1984–2012)
J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010557, 2009. a
Mathias, A., Grond, F., Guardans, R., Seese, D., Canela, M., and Diebner, H.:
Algorithms for Spectral Analysis of Irregularly Sampled Time Series,
J. Stat. Softw., 11, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v011.i02, 2004. a
McKay, N. P.: neotoma2lipd package, GitHub, available at:
https://github.com/nickmckay/neotoma2lipd/ (last access: 22 February 2021), 2020. a
McKay, N. P.: Examples datasets for geoChronR, LiPDverse, available at: http://lipdverse.org/geoChronR-examples/, last access: 22 February 2021. a
McKay, N. P. and Emile-Geay, J.: Technical note: The Linked Paleo Data framework – a common tongue for paleoclimatology, Clim. Past, 12, 1093–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1093-2016, 2016. a, b
McKay, N. P. and Kaufman, D. S.: An extended Arctic proxy temperature database for the past 2000 years, Scientific Data, 1, 140026, https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2014.26, 2014. a, b, c, d
McKay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., Routson, C. C., Erb, M. P., and Zander, P. D.:
The onset and rate of Holocene Neoglacial cooling in the Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 12–487, 2018. a
McKay, N. P., Emile-Geay, J., and Khider, D.: Development repo for the GeoChronR paper, Github, available at: https://github.com/nickmckay/geochronr-paper, last access: 22 February 2021a. a
McKay, N. P., Emile-Geay, J., and Khider, D.: geoChronR: Tools to analyze and visualize time-uncertain data, Github, available at: https://github.com/nickmckay/geochronr, last access: 22 February 2021b. a
Meyers, S. R.: Seeing red in cyclic stratigraphy: Spectral noise estimation for astrochronology, Paleoceanography, 27, PA3228, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012PA002307, 2012. a, b, c
Meyers, S. R.: The evaluation of eccentricity-related amplitude modulation and bundling in paleoclimate data: An inverse approach for astrochronologic
testing and time scale optimization, Paleoceanography, 30, 1625–1640,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002850, 2015. a, b
Meyers, S. R. and Malinverno, A.: Proterozoic Milankovitch cycles and the
history of the solar system, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,
115, 6363–6368, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717689115, 2018. a
Meyers, S. R. and Sageman, B. B.: Quantification of deep-time orbital forcing
by average spectral misfit, Am. J. Sci., 307, 773–792,
https://doi.org/10.2475/05.2007.01, 2007. a, b
Mix, A. C., Le, J., and Shackleton, N.: Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope
stratigraphy of site 846: 0–1.8 Ma, in: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, edited by: Pisias, N. G., Mayer, L. A., Janecek, T. R., Palmer-Julson, A., and van Andel, T. H., College Station, Texas, USA, 138, 839–854, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.138.160.1995, 1995. a
Mudelsee, M.: TAUEST: a computer program for estimating persistence in
unevenly spaced weather/climate time series, Comput. Geosci., 28,
69–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(01)00041-3, 2002. a
Mudelsee, M., Scholz, D., Röthlisberger, R., Fleitmann, D., Mangini, A., and Wolff, E. W.: Climate spectrum estimation in the presence of timescale errors, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 16, 43–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-16-43-2009, 2009. a, b
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: A Vision for NSF
Earth Sciences 2020–2030: Earth in Time, The National Academies Press,
Washington DC, USA, 144 pp., https://doi.org/10.17226/25761, 2020. a
Neumaier, A. and Schneider, T.: Estimation of parameters and eigenmodes of
multivariate autoregressive models,
ACM T. Math. Software, 27, 27–57, 2001. a
Noren, A., Brigham-Grette, J., Lehnert, K., Peters, S., Williams, J., Ito, E., Anderson, D., and Grimm, E.: Cyberinfrastructure for Paleogeoscience,
workshop report, NSF EarthCube, Minneapolis, MN, 4–6 February 2013, report number 1, 6 pp., 2013. a
PAGES2K Consortium: Continental-scale temperature variability during
the past two millennia, Nat. Geosci., 6, 339–346, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1797,
2013. a
Paillard, D.: Glacial cycles: Toward a new paradigm, Rev. Geophys., 39,
325–346, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RG000091, 2001. a
Park, J., Smith, C., Sugihara, G., and Deyle, E.: rEDM: Empirical Dynamic
Modeling (“EDM”), R package, version 1.5.0, available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rEDM (last access: 22 February 2021), 2020. a
Parnell, A. C., Buck, C. E., and Doan, T. K.: A review of statistical
chronology models for high-resolution, proxy-based Holocene
palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 2948–2960, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.024, 2011. a, b
Preisendorfer, R. W. and Mobley, C. D.: Principal component analysis in
meteorology and oceanography, in: Developments in atmospheric science, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Vol. 17, 1988. a
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J., Blackwell, P.,
Ramsey, C. B., Buck, C., Burr, G., Edwards, R., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P.,
Guilderson, T., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T., Hogg, A., Hughen, K., Kaiser, K.,
Kromer, B., McCormac, F., Manning, S., Reimer, R., Richards, D., Southon, J.,
Talamo, S., Turney, C., van der Plicht, J., and Weyhenmeyer, C.: IntCal09 and
Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0–50 000 Years cal BP,
Radiocarbon, 51, 1111–1150, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200034202, 2011. a
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G.,
Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Hatté, C., Heaton, T. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M., and van der Plicht, J.: IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50 000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, 2013. a
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J. G., Pearson, C., van der Plicht, J., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Turney, C. S. M., Wacker, L., Adolphi, F., Büntgen, U., Capano, M., Fahrni, S. M., Fogtmann-Schulz, A., Friedrich, R., Köhler, P., Kudsk, S., Miyake, F., Olsen, J., Reinig, F., Sakamoto, M., Sookdeo, A., and Talamo, S.: The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 kcal BP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41, 2020. a
Routson, C. C., McKay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., Erb, M. P., Goosse, H., Shuman,
B. N., Rodysill, J. R., and Ault, T.: Mid-latitude net precipitation
decreased with Arctic warming during the Holocene, Nature, 568, 83–87, 2019. a
Roweis, S. T.: EM algorithms for PCA and SPCA, in: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 10, edited by: Jordan, M., Kearns, M., and Solla, S., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 626–632, 1998. a
Santos, G. M., Southon, J. R., Drenzek, N. J., Ziolkowski, L. A., Druffel,
E. R., Xu, X., Zhang, D., Trumbore, S. E., Eglinton, T. I., and Hughen,
K. A.: Blank assessment for ultra-small radiocarbon samples: chemical
extraction and separation versus AMS, Radiocarbon, 52, 1322–1335, 2010. a
Scholz, D., Hoffmann, D. L., Hellstrom, J., and Bronk Ramsey, C.: A comparison of different methods for speleothem age modelling,
Quat. Geochronol., 14, 94–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.03.015, 2012. a
Shackleton, N. J.: New data on the evolution of Pliocene climatic
variability, in: Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins,
edited by: Vrba, E. S., Denton, G. H., Partridge, T. C., and Burckle, L. H.,
Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, 242–248, 1995. a
Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., He, F., Marcott, S. A., Mix, A. C., Liu, Z.,
Otto-Bliesner, B., Schmittner, A., and Bard, E.: Global warming preceded by
increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation,
Nature, 484, 49–54, 2012. a
Stacklies, W., Redestig, H., Scholz, M., Walther, D., and Selbig, J.:
pcaMethods – a Bioconductor package providing PCA methods for incomplete
data, Bioinformatics, 23, 1164–1167, 2007. a
Thomas, E., Castaneda, I., McKay, N. P., Briner, J., Salacup, J., Nguyen, K., and Schweinsberg, A.: Arctic hydroclimate intensification coincident with
hemispheric warming 8000 years ago, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 10637–10647, 2018. a
van Albada, S. and Robinson, P.: Transformation of arbitrary distributions to
the normal distribution with application to EEG test–retest reliability,
J. Neurosci. Meth., 161, 205–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.004, 2007. a, b
Van der Plas, J. T.: Understanding the Lomb–Scargle Periodogram,
Astrophys. J. Suppl. S., 236, 28 pp., https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aab766, 2018. a
Vaughan, S., Bailey, R. J., and Smith, D. G.: Detecting cycles in stratigraphic data: Spectral analysis in the presence of red noise, Paleoceanography, 26, PA4211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002195, 2011. a, b
Vautard, R. and Ghil, M.: Singular spectrum analysis in nonlinear dynamics,
with applications to paleoclimatic time series, Physica D, 35, 395–424,
1989. a
Vautard, R., Yiou, P., and Ghil, M.: Singular-spectrum analysis: A toolkit for short, noisy chaotic signals, Physica D, 58, 95–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(92)90103-T, 1992. a
Ventura, V., Paciorek, C. J., and Risbey, J. S.: Controlling the Proportion of Falsely Rejected Hypotheses when Conducting Multiple Tests with
Climatological Data, J. Climate, 17, 4343–4356,
https://doi.org/10.1175/3199.1, 2004. a, b
Werner, J. P. and Tingley, M. P.: Technical Note: Probabilistically constraining proxy age–depth models within a Bayesian hierarchical reconstruction model, Clim. Past, 11, 533–545, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-533-2015, 2015. a
Werner, J. P., Divine, D. V., Charpentier Ljungqvist, F., Nilsen, T., and Francus, P.: Spatio-temporal variability of Arctic summer temperatures over the past 2 millennia, Clim. Past, 14, 527–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-527-2018, 2018. a
Wickham, H.: ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer-Verlag New
York, USA, available at: https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org (last access: 22 February 2021), 2016. a
Williams, J. W., Grimm, E. C., Blois, J. L., Charles, D. F., Davis, E. B.,
Goring, S. J., Graham, R. W., Smith, A. J., Anderson, M., Arroyo-Cabrales,
J., Ashworth, A. C., Betancourt, J. L., Bills, B. W., Booth, R. K., Buckland,
P. I., Curry, B. B., Giesecke, T., Jackson, S. T., Latorre, C., Nichols, J.,
Purdum, T., Roth, R. E., Stryker, M., and Takahara, H.: The Neotoma
Paleoecology Database, a multiproxy, international, community-curated data
resource, Quaternary Res., 89, 156–177, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.105, 2018. a
Wolff, E. W., Chappellaz, J., Blunier, T., Rasmussen, S. O., and Svensson, A.: Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial: The ice core record, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2828–2838, 2010. a
Zander, P. D., Szidat, S., Kaufman, D. S., Żarczyński, M.,
Poraj-Górska, A. I., Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder, P., and Grosjean, M.:
Miniature radiocarbon measurements (<150 µg C) from sediments of Lake Żabińskie, Poland: effect of precision and dating density on age–depth models, Geochronology, 2, 63–79, 2020. a
Zhang, H., Ait Brahim, Y., Li, H., Zhao, J., Kathayat, G., Tian, Y., Baker, J., Wang, J., Zhang, F., Ning, Y., Edwards, R. L., and Cheng, H.: The Asian summer monsoon:
Teleconnections and forcing mechanisms – A review from Chinese speleothem
δ18O records, Quaternary, 2, 26, https://doi.org/10.3390/quat2030026, 2019. a
Zhu, F., Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N. P., Hakim, G. J., Khider, D., Ault, T. R.,
Steig, E. J., Dee, S., and Kirchner, J. W.: Climate models can correctly
simulate the continuum of global-average temperature variability, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 8728, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809959116, 2019. a, b, c
Short summary
This paper describes geoChronR, an R package that streamlines the process of quantifying age uncertainties, propagating uncertainties through several common analyses, and visualizing the results. In addition to describing the structure and underlying theory of the package, we present five real-world use cases that illustrate common workflows in geoChronR. geoChronR is built on the Linked PaleoData framework, is open and extensible, and we welcome feedback and contributions from the community.
This paper describes geoChronR, an R package that streamlines the process of quantifying age...
