Articles | Volume 5, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-65-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-65-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Feb 2023
Research article |
| 03 Feb 2023
Bayesian age–depth modelling applied to varve and radiometric dating to optimize the transfer of an existing high-resolution chronology to a new composite sediment profile from Holzmaar (West Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)
Institute of Geography, GEOPOLAR, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Wojciech Tylmann
Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk,
Gdańsk, Poland
Bernd Zolitschka
Institute of Geography, GEOPOLAR, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Lilian Reiss, Christian Stüwe, Thomas Einwögerer, Marc Händel, Andreas Maier, Stefan Meng, Kerstin Pasda, Ulrich Simon, Bernd Zolitschka, and Christoph Mayr
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 23–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-23-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-23-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We aim at testing and evaluating geochemical proxies and material for radiocarbon dating for their reliability and consistency at the Palaeolithic site Kammern-Grubgraben (Lower Austria). While carbonate and organic carbon contents are interpreted in terms of palaeoclimate variability, pedogenic carbonates turned out to be of Holocene age. As a consequence, the proxy data assessed here are differentially suitable for environmental reconstructions.
Paul D. Zander, Maurycy Żarczyński, Wojciech Tylmann, Shauna-kay Rainford, and Martin Grosjean
Clim. Past, 17, 2055–2071, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2055-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2055-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution geochemical imaging techniques provide new opportunities to investigate the biogeochemical composition of sediments at micrometer scale. Here, we compare biogeochemical data from biochemical varves with meteorological data to understand how seasonal meteorological variations are recorded in varve composition. We find that these scanning techniques help to clarify climate–proxy relationships in biochemical varves and show great potential for high-resolution climate reconstruction.
Stamatina Makri, Andrea Lami, Luyao Tu, Wojciech Tylmann, Hendrik Vogel, and Martin Grosjean
Biogeosciences, 18, 1839–1856, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1839-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1839-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Anoxia in lakes is a major growing concern. In this study we applied a multiproxy approach combining high-resolution hyperspectral imaging (HSI) pigment data with specific HPLC data to examine the Holocene evolution and main drivers of lake anoxia and trophic state changes. We find that when human impact was low, these changes were driven by climate and natural lake-catchment evolution. In the last 500 years, increasing human impact has promoted lake eutrophication and permanent anoxia.
Christoph Mayr, Renate Matzke-Karasz, Philipp Stojakowits, Sally E. Lowick, Bernd Zolitschka, Tanja Heigl, Richard Mollath, Marian Theuerkauf, Marc-Oliver Weckend, Rupert Bäumler, and Hans-Joachim Gregor
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 66, 73–89, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-73-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-73-2017, 2017
Valerie Menke, Werner Ehrmann, Yvonne Milker, Swaantje Brzelinski, Jürgen Möbius, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Bernd Zolitschka, Karin Zonneveld, Kay Christian Emeis, and Gerhard Schmiedl
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-139, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2017-139, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines changes in the marine ecosystem during the past 1300 years in the Gulf of Taranto (Italy) to unravel natural and anthropogenic forcing. Our data suggest, that processes at the sea floor are linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. During the past 200 years, the effects of rising northern hemisphere temperature and increasing anthropogenic activity enhanced nutrient and organic matter fluxes leading to more eutrophic conditions.
Aurèle Vuillemin, Daniel Ariztegui, Peter R. Leavitt, Lynda Bunting, and the PASADO Science Team
Biogeosciences, 13, 2475–2492, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2475-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2475-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic sediments record climatic conditions while providing ecological niches for microorganisms. In lacustrine settings, the relationship between environmental features and sedimentary DNA remains largely unknown. Comparison of microbial assemblages with fossil pigments show that the subsurface biosphere is specific to climatic intervals and that post-depositional processes result in a rapid overprint of phototrophic communities by heterotrophic assemblages with preserved pigment compositions.
J. Zhu, A. Lücke, H. Wissel, C. Mayr, D. Enters, K. Ja Kim, C. Ohlendorf, F. Schäbitz, and B. Zolitschka
Clim. Past, 10, 2153–2169, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2153-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2153-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Geochronological data analysis/statistics/modelling
Technical note: colab_zirc_dims: a Google Colab-compatible toolset for automated and semi-automated measurement of mineral grains in laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry images using deep learning models
Calculation of uncertainty in the (U–Th) ∕ He system
Short communication: age2exhume – a MATLAB/Python script to calculate steady-state vertical exhumation rates from thermochronometric ages and application to the Himalaya
U and Th content in magnetite and Al spinel obtained by wet chemistry and laser ablation methods: implication for (U–Th) ∕ He thermochronometer
In situ LA-ICPMS U–Pb dating of sulfates: applicability of carbonate reference materials as matrix-matched standards
An algorithm for U–Pb geochronology by secondary ion mass spectrometry
Technical note: Rapid phase identification of apatite and zircon grains for geochronology using X-ray micro-computed tomography
Simulating sedimentary burial cycles – Part 2: Elemental-based multikinetic apatite fission-track interpretation and modelling techniques illustrated using examples from northern Yukon
sandbox – creating and analysing synthetic sediment sections with R
Improving age–depth relationships by using the LANDO (“Linked age and depth modeling”) model ensemble
How many grains are needed for quantifying catchment erosion from tracer thermochronology?
Short communication: Inverse isochron regression for Re–Os, K–Ca and other chronometers
Technical note: Analytical protocols and performance for apatite and zircon (U–Th) ∕ He analysis on quadrupole and magnetic sector mass spectrometer systems between 2007 and 2020
Simulating sedimentary burial cycles – Part 1: Investigating the role of apatite fission track annealing kinetics using synthetic data
The closure temperature(s) of zircon Raman dating
On the treatment of discordant detrital zircon U–Pb data
An evaluation of Deccan Traps eruption rates using geochronologic data
geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data
Development of a multi-method chronology spanning the Last Glacial Interval from Orakei maar lake, Auckland, New Zealand
Robust isochron calculation
Resolving the timescales of magmatic and hydrothermal processes associated with porphyry deposit formation using zircon U–Pb petrochronology
Seasonal deposition processes and chronology of a varved Holocene lake sediment record from Chatyr Kol lake (Kyrgyz Republic)
Unifying the U–Pb and Th–Pb methods: joint isochron regression and common Pb correction
Exploring the advantages and limitations of in situ U–Pb carbonate geochronology using speleothems
Michael C. Sitar and Ryan J. Leary
Geochronology, 5, 109–126, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-109-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-109-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed code to automatically and semi-automatically measure dimensions of detrital mineral grains in reflected-light images saved at laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry facilities that use Chromium targeting software. Our code uses trained deep learning models to segment grain images with greater accuracy than is achievable using other segmentation techniques. We implement our code in Jupyter notebooks which can also be run online via Google Colab.
Peter E. Martin, James R. Metcalf, and Rebecca M. Flowers
Geochronology, 5, 91–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-91-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-91-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There is currently no standardized method of performing uncertainty propagation in the (U–Th) / He system, causing data interpretation difficulties. We present two methods of uncertainty propagation and describe free, open-source software (HeCalc) to apply them. Compilation of real data using only analytical uncertainty as well as 2 % and 5 % uncertainties in FT yields respective median relative date uncertainties of 2.9 %, 3.3 %, and 5.0 % for apatites and 1.7 %, 3.3 %, and 5.0 % for zircons.
Peter van der Beek and Taylor F. Schildgen
Geochronology, 5, 35–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-35-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-35-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Thermochronometric data can provide unique insights into the patterns of rock exhumation and the driving mechanisms of landscape evolution. Several well-established thermal models allow for a detailed exploration of how cooling rates evolved in a limited area or along a transect, but more regional analyses have been challenging. We present age2exhume, a thermal model that can be used to rapidly provide a synoptic overview of exhumation rates from large regional thermochronologic datasets.
Marianna Corre, Arnaud Agranier, Martine Lanson, Cécile Gautheron, Fabrice Brunet, and Stéphane Schwartz
Geochronology, 4, 665–681, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-665-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-665-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is focused on the accurate measurement of U and Th by wet chemistry and laser ablation methods to improve (U–Th)/He dating of magnetite and spinel. The low U–Th content and the lack of specific U–Th standards significantly limit the accuracy of (U–Th)/He dating. Obtained U–Th results on natural and synthetic magnetite and aluminous spinel samples analyzed by wet chemistry methods and LA-ICP-MS sampling have important implications for the (U–Th)/He method and dates interpretation.
Aratz Beranoaguirre, Iuliana Vasiliev, and Axel Gerdes
Geochronology, 4, 601–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-601-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-601-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
U–Pb dating by the in situ laser ablation mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) technique requires reference materials of the same nature as the samples to be analysed. Here, we have explored the suitability of using carbonate materials as a reference for sulfates, since there is no sulfate reference material. The results we obtained are satisfactory, and thus, from now on, the sulfates can also be analysed.
Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 4, 561–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is the oldest and most sensitive analytical technique for in situ U–Pb geochronology. This paper introduces a new algorithm for SIMS data reduction that treats data as
compositional data, which means that the relative abundances of 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, and 238Pb are processed within a tetrahedral data space or
simplex. The new method is implemented in an eponymous computer programme that is compatible with the two dominant types of SIMS instruments.
Emily H. G. Cooperdock, Florian Hofmann, Ryley M. C. Tibbetts, Anahi Carrera, Aya Takase, and Aaron J. Celestian
Geochronology, 4, 501–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-501-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-501-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Apatite and zircon are the most widely used minerals for dating rocks, but they can be difficult to identify in some crushed rock samples. Incorrect mineral identification results in wasted analytical resources and inaccurate data. We show how X-ray computed tomography can be used to efficiently and accurately distinguish apatite from zircon based on density variations, and provide non-destructive 3D grain-specific size, shape, and inclusion information for improved data quality.
Dale R. Issler, Kalin T. McDannell, Paul B. O'Sullivan, and Larry S. Lane
Geochronology, 4, 373–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks of northern Canada have compositionally heterogeneous detrital apatite with high age dispersion caused by differential thermal annealing. Discrete apatite fission track kinetic populations with variable annealing temperatures are defined using elemental data but are poorly resolved using conventional parameters. Inverse thermal modelling of samples from northern Yukon reveals a record of multiple heating–cooling cycles consistent with geological constraints.
Michael Dietze, Sebastian Kreutzer, Margret C. Fuchs, and Sascha Meszner
Geochronology, 4, 323–338, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-323-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-323-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The R package sandbox is a collection of functions that allow the creation, sampling and analysis of fully virtual sediment sections, like having a virtual twin of real-world deposits. This article introduces the concept, features, and workflows required to use sandbox. It shows how a real-world sediment section can be mapped into the model and subsequently addresses a series of theoretical and practical questions, exploiting the flexibility of the model framework.
Gregor Pfalz, Bernhard Diekmann, Johann-Christoph Freytag, Liudmila Syrykh, Dmitry A. Subetto, and Boris K. Biskaborn
Geochronology, 4, 269–295, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-269-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-269-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use age–depth modeling systems to understand the relationship between age and depth in lake sediment cores. However, depending on which modeling system we use, the model results may vary. We provide a tool to link different modeling systems in an interactive computational environment and make their results comparable. We demonstrate the power of our tool by highlighting three case studies in which we test our application for single-sediment cores and a collection of multiple sediment cores.
Andrea Madella, Christoph Glotzbach, and Todd A. Ehlers
Geochronology, 4, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-177-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-177-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cooling ages date the time at which minerals cross a certain isotherm on the way up to Earth's surface. Such ages can be measured from bedrock material and river sand. If spatial variations in bedrock ages are known in a river catchment, the spatial distribution of erosion can be inferred from the distribution of the ages measured from the river sand grains. Here we develop a new tool to help such analyses, with particular emphasis on quantifying uncertainties due to sample size.
Yang Li and Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 3, 415–420, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-415-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-415-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A conventional isochron is a straight-line fit to two sets of isotopic ratios, D/d and P/d, where P is the radioactive parent, D is the radiogenic daughter, and d is a second isotope of the daughter element. The slope of this line is proportional to the age of the system. An inverse isochron is a linear fit through d/D and P/D. The horizontal intercept of this line is inversely proportional to the age. The latter approach is preferred when d<D, which is the case in Re–Os and K–Ca geochronology.
Cécile Gautheron, Rosella Pinna-Jamme, Alexis Derycke, Floriane Ahadi, Caroline Sanchez, Frédéric Haurine, Gael Monvoisin, Damien Barbosa, Guillaume Delpech, Joseph Maltese, Philippe Sarda, and Laurent Tassan-Got
Geochronology, 3, 351–370, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-351-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-351-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Apatite and zircon (U–Th) / He thermochronology is now a mainstream tool to reconstruct Earth's evolution through the history of cooling and exhumation over the first dozen kilometers. The geological implications of these data rely on the precision of measurements of He, U, Th, and Sm contents in crystals. This technical note documents the methods for He thermochronology developed at the GEOPS laboratory, Paris-Saclay University, that allow (U–Th) / He data to be obtained with precision.
Kalin T. McDannell and Dale R. Issler
Geochronology, 3, 321–335, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-321-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-321-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We generated a synthetic dataset applying published kinetic models and distinct annealing kinetics for the apatite fission track and (U–Th)/He methods using a predetermined thermal history. We then tested how well the true thermal history could be recovered under different data interpretation schemes and geologic constraint assumptions using the Bayesian QTQt software. Our results demonstrate that multikinetic data increase time–temperature resolution and can constrain complex thermal histories.
Birk Härtel, Raymond Jonckheere, Bastian Wauschkuhn, and Lothar Ratschbacher
Geochronology, 3, 259–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-259-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-259-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out thermal annealing experiments between 500 and 1000 °C to determine the closure temperature of radiation-damage annealing in zircon (ZrSiO4). Our results show that the different Raman bands of zircon respond differently to annealing. The repair is highest for the external rotation Raman band near 356.6 cm−1. The closure temperature estimates range from 250 to 370 °C for different bands. The differences in closure temperatures offer the prospect of multi-T zircon Raman dating.
Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 3, 247–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows that the current practice of filtering discordant U–Pb data based on the relative difference between the 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/206Pb ages is just one of several possible approaches to the problem and demonstrably not the best one. An alternative approach is to define discordance in terms of isotopic composition, as a log ratio distance between the measurement and the concordia line. Application to real data indicates that this reduces the positive bias of filtered age spectra.
Blair Schoene, Michael P. Eddy, C. Brenhin Keller, and Kyle M. Samperton
Geochronology, 3, 181–198, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We compare two published U–Pb and 40Ar / 39Ar geochronologic datasets to produce eruption rate models for the Deccan Traps large igneous province. Applying the same approach to each dataset, the resulting models agree well, but the higher-precision U–Pb dataset results in a more detailed eruption model than the lower-precision 40Ar / 39Ar data. We explore sources of geologic uncertainty and reiterate the importance of systematic uncertainties in comparing U–Pb and 40Ar / 39Ar datasets.
Nicholas P. McKay, Julien Emile-Geay, and Deborah Khider
Geochronology, 3, 149–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes geoChronR, an R package that streamlines the process of quantifying age uncertainties, propagating uncertainties through several common analyses, and visualizing the results. In addition to describing the structure and underlying theory of the package, we present five real-world use cases that illustrate common workflows in geoChronR. geoChronR is built on the Linked PaleoData framework, is open and extensible, and we welcome feedback and contributions from the community.
Leonie Peti, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, Jenni L. Hopkins, Andreas Nilsson, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink, Charles Mifsud, Marcus Christl, Raimund Muscheler, and Paul C. Augustinus
Geochronology, 2, 367–410, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Orakei Basin – a former maar lake in Auckland, New Zealand – provides an outstanding sediment record over the last ca. 130 000 years, but an age model is required to allow the reconstruction of climate change and volcanic eruptions contained in the sequence. To construct a relationship between depth in the sediment core and age of deposition, we combined tephrochronology, radiocarbon dating, luminescence dating, and the relative intensity of the paleomagnetic field in a Bayesian age–depth model.
Roger Powell, Eleanor C. R. Green, Estephany Marillo Sialer, and Jon Woodhead
Geochronology, 2, 325–342, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The standard approach to isochron calculation assumes that the distribution of uncertainties on the data arising from isotopic analysis is strictly Gaussian. This excludes datasets that have more scatter, even though many appear to have age significance. Our new approach requires only that the central part of the uncertainty distribution of the data defines a "spine" in the trend of the data. A robust statistics approach is used to locate the spine, and an implementation in Python is given.
Simon J. E. Large, Jörn-Frederik Wotzlaw, Marcel Guillong, Albrecht von Quadt, and Christoph A. Heinrich
Geochronology, 2, 209–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-209-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-209-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The integration of zircon geochemistry and U–Pb geochronology (petrochronology) allows us to improve our understanding of magmatic processes. Here we could reconstruct the ~300 kyr evolution of the magma reservoir that sourced the magmas, fluids and metals to form the Batu Hijau porphyry Cu–Au deposit. The application of in situ LA-ICP-MS and high-precision CA–ID–TIMS geochronology to the same zircons further allowed an assessment of the strengths and limitations of the different techniques.
Julia Kalanke, Jens Mingram, Stefan Lauterbach, Ryskul Usubaliev, Rik Tjallingii, and Achim Brauer
Geochronology, 2, 133–154, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-133-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-133-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our study presents the first seasonally laminated (varved) sediment record covering almost the entire Holocene in high mountainous arid Central Asia. The established floating varve chronology is confirmed by two terrestrial radiocarbon dates, whereby aquatic radiocarbon dates reveal decreasing reservoir ages up core. Changes in seasonal deposition characteristics are attributed to changes in runoff and precipitation and/or to evaporative summer conditions.
Pieter Vermeesch
Geochronology, 2, 119–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The U–Pb method is one of the most powerful and versatile methods in the geochronological toolbox. With two isotopes of uranium decaying to two different isotopes of lead, the U–Pb method offers an internal quality control that is absent from most other geochronological techniques. U-bearing minerals often contain significant amounts of Th, which decays to a third Pb isotope. This paper presents an algorithm to jointly process all three chronometers at once.
Jon Woodhead and Joseph Petrus
Geochronology, 1, 69–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-69-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-1-69-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Recently developed methods for in situ U–Pb age determination in carbonates have found widespread application, but the benefits and limitations of the method over bulk analysis approaches have yet to be fully explored. Here we use speleothems – cave carbonates such as stalagmites and flowstones – to investigate the utility of these in situ dating methodologies for challenging matrices with low U and Pb contents and predominantly late Cenozoic ages.
Cited articles
Anderson, R. Y. and Dean, W. E.: Lacustrine varve formation through time,
Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 62, 215–235,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90055-7, 1988.
Baier, J., Lücke, A., Negendank, J. F. W., Schleser, G.-H., and
Zolitschka, B.: Diatom and geochemical evidence of mid- to late Holocene
climatic changes at Lake Holzmaar, West-Eifel (Germany), Quaternary Int., 113,
81–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00081-8, 2004.
Battarbee, R. W., Howells, G. D., Skeffington, R. A., Bradshaw, A. D.,
Battarbee, R. W., Mason, B. J., Renberg, I., and Talling, J. F.: The causes
of lake acidification, with special reference to the role of acid
deposition, Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 327, 339–347,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1990.0071, 1990.
Berglund, B. E. (Ed.): Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and
Palaeohydrology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 869 pp., 1986.
Birlo, S., Tylmann, W., and Zolitschka, B.: Bayesian age-depth modelling applied to varve counting and radiometric dating to develop a high-resolution chronology for a new composite sediment profile from Holzmaar (Germany), PANGAEA [data set], https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.949393, 2022.
Blaauw, M.: Methods and code for “classical” age-modelling of radiocarbon
sequences, Quat. Geochronol., 5, 512–518,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.002, 2010.
Blaauw, M. and Christen, J. A.: Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using
an autoregressive gamma process, Bayesian Anal., 6, 457–474,
https://doi.org/10.1214/11-BA618, 2011.
Blaauw, M., Christen, J. A., Bennett, K. D., and Reimer, P. J.: Double the
dates and go for Bayes – Impacts of model choice, dating density and
quality on chronologies, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 188, 58–66,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.032, 2018.
Blaauw, M., Christen, J. A., Lopez, M. A. A., Vazquez, J. E., V, O. M. G.,
Belding, T., Theiler, J., Gough, B., and Karney, C.: rbacon: Age-Depth
Modelling using Bayesian Statistics, CRAN [code], https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rbacon (last access: 23 February 2022), 2021.
Bonk, A., Müller, D., Ramisch, A., Kramkowski, M. A., Noryœkiewicz,
A. M., Sekudewicz, I., Ga̧siorowski, M., Luberda-Durnaś,
K., Słowiński, M., Schwab, M., Tjallingii, R., Brauer,
A., and Błaszkiewicz, M.: Varve microfacies and chronology
from a new sediment record of Lake Gościa̧ż (Poland),
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 251, 106715,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106715, 2021.
Brauer, A.: Weichselzeitliche Seesedimente des Holzmaars – Warvenchronologie
des Hochglazials und Nachweis von Klimaschwankungen, PhD thesis,
Universität Trier, Documenta naturae, 85, 1–210, 1994.
Brauer, A., Hajdas, I., Negendank, J. F. W., Rein, B., Vos, H., and
Zolitschka, B.: Warvenchronologie – eine Methode zur absoluten Datierung und
Rekonstruktion kurzer und mittlerer solarer Periodizitäten,
Geowissenschaften, 12, 325–332, 1994.
Brauer, A., Endres, C., Günter, C., Litt, T., Stebich, M., and
Negendank, J. F. W.: High resolution sediment and vegetation responses to
Younger Dryas climate change in varved lake sediments from Meerfelder Maar,
Germany, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 18, 321–329,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00084-5, 1999.
Bronk Ramsey, C.: Deposition models for chronological records, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 27, 42–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.01.019,
2008.
Brooks, S. P. and Gelman, A.: General Methods for Monitoring Convergence of
Iterative Simulations, J. Comput. Graph. Stat., 7, 434–455,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.1998.10474787, 1998.
Büchel, G.: Maars of the Westeifel, Germany, in: Paleolimnology of
European Maar Lakes, edited by: Negendank, J. F. W. and Zolitschka, B.,
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0117585,
1993.
Cohen, A. S.: Paleolimnology. The history and evolution of lake systems,
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 500 pp., ISBN 0-19-513353-6, 2003.
Davies, S. M.: Cryptotephras: the revolution in correlation and precision
dating, J. Quaternary Sci., 30, 114–130,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2766, 2015.
De Geer, G.: A geochronology of the last 12,000 years, Proceedings of the International Geological Congress, Stockholm (1910), 1, 241–253, 1912.
Dean, W. E., Bradbury, J. P., Anderson, R. Y., and Barnosky, C. W.: The
Variability of Holocene Climate Change: Evidence from Varved Lake Sediments,
Science, 226, 1191–1194, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.226.4679.1191,
1984.
Fortin, D., Praet, N., McKay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., Jensen, B. J. L.,
Haeussler, P. J., Buchanan, C., and De Batist, M.: New approach to assessing
age uncertainties – The 2300-year varve chronology from Eklutna Lake,
Alaska (USA), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 203, 90–101,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.018, 2019.
García, M. L., Birlo, S., and Zolitschka, B.: Paleoenvironmental
changes of the last 16,000 years based on diatom and geochemical
stratigraphies from the varved sediment of Holzmaar (West-Eifel Volcanic
Field, Germany), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 293, 107691,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107691, 2022.
Goslar, T., Kuc, T., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M., Rózánski, K., Arnold,
M., Bard, E., van Geel, B., Pazdur, M., Szeroczyńska, K., Wicik, B.,
Wiȩckowski, K., and Walanus, A.: High-resolution lacustrine record of the
late glacial/holocene transition in central Europe, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
12, 287–294, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(93)90037-M, 1993.
Hajdas, I., Zolitschka, B., Ivy-Ochs, S. D., Beer, J., Bonani, G., Leroy, S.
A. G., Negendank, J. W., Ramrath, M., and Suter, M.: AMS radiocarbon dating
of annually laminated sediments from lake Holzmaar, Germany, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 14, 137–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(94)00123-S, 1995.
Hajdas, I., Bonani, G., and Zolitschka, B.: Radiocarbon Dating of Varve
Chronologies: Soppensee and Holzmaar Lakes after Ten Years, Radiocarbon, 42,
349–353, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200030290, 2000.
Hajdas-Skowronek, I.: Extension of the radiocarbon calibration curve by AMS
dating of laminated sediments of Lake Soppensee and Lake Holzmaar, PhD
thesis, ETH Zurich, https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-A-000916163, 1993.
Haslett, J. and Parnell, A.: A simple monotone process with application to
radiocarbon-dated depth chronologies, J. R. Stat. Soc. C-Appl., 57,
399–418, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00623.x, 2008.
Jenny, J.-P., Koirala, S., Gregory-Eaves, I., Francus, P., Niemann, C.,
Ahrens, B., Brovkin, V., Baud, A., Ojala, A. E. K., Normandeau, A.,
Zolitschka, B., and Carvalhais, N.: Human and climate global-scale imprint
on sediment transfer during the Holocene, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116,
22972–22976, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908179116, 2019.
Kelts, K., Briegel, U., Ghilardi, K., and Hsu, K.: The limnogeology-ETH
coring system, Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 48, 104–115,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02544119, 1986.
Kienel, U., Schwab, M. J., and Schettler, G.: Distinguishing climatic from
direct anthropogenic influences during the past 400 years in varved
sediments from Lake Holzmaar (Eifel, Germany), J. Paleolimnol., 33,
327–347, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-004-6311-z, 2005.
Lacourse, T. and Gajewski, K.: Current practices in building and reporting
age-depth models, Quaternary Res., 96, 28–38,
https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2020.47, 2020.
Lamoureux, S.: Varve Chronology Techniques, in: Tracking Environmental
Change Using Lake Sediments: Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological
Techniques, edited by: Last, W. M. and Smol, J. P., Springer Netherlands,
Dordrecht, 247–260, https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47669-X_11, 2001.
Last, W. M. and Smol, J. P. (Eds.): Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake
Sediments, Vol. 1, Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques,
Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 548 pp., eBook ISBN 0-306-47669-X, Print ISBN 0-7923-6482-1 2001a.
Last, W. M. and Smol, J. P. (Eds.): Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake
Sediments, Vol. 2, Physical and Geochemical Methods, Springer Netherlands,
Dordrecht, 504 pp., eBook ISBN 0-306-47670-3, Print ISBN 1-4020-0628-4, 2001b.
Leroy, S. A. G., Zolitschka, B., Negendank, J. F. W., and Seret, G.:
Palynological analyses in the laminated sediment of Lake Holzmaar (Eifel,
Germany): duration of Lateglacial and Preboreal biozones, Boreas, 29,
52–71, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2000.tb01200.x, 2000.
Litt, T., Schölzel, C., Kühl, N., and Brauer, A.: Vegetation and
climate history in the Westeifel Volcanic Field (Germany) during the past 11 000 years based on annually laminated lacustrine maar sediments, Boreas, 38,
679–690, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00096.x, 2009.
Lorenz, V.: Explosive Volcanism of the West Eifel Volcanic Field/Germany,
in: Developments in Petrology, Vol. 11, edited by: Kornprobst, J., Elsevier,
299–307, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42273-6.50026-2, 1984.
Lorenz, V., Lange, T., and Büchel, G.: Die Vulkane der Westeifel,
Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins,
102, 379–411, https://doi.org/10.1127/jmogv/102/0022, 2020.
Lotter, A. F.: Absolute Dating of the Late-Glacial Period in Switzerland
Using Annually Laminated Sediments, Quaternary Res., 35, 321–330,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90048-A, 1991.
Lücke, A., Schleser, G. H., Zolitschka, B., and Negendank, J. F. W.: A
Lateglacial and Holocene organic carbon isotope record of lacustrine
palaeoproductivity and climatic change derived from varved lake sediments of
Lake Holzmaar, Germany, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 22, 569–580,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00187-7, 2003.
Martin-Puertas, C., Walsh, A. A., Blockley, S. P. E., Harding, P., Biddulph,
G. E., Palmer, A., Ramisch, A., and Brauer, A.: The first Holocene varve
chronology for the UK: Based on the integration of varve counting,
radiocarbon dating and tephrostratigraphy from Diss Mere (UK), Quat.
Geochronol., 61, 101134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2020.101134, 2021.
Meyer, W.: Zur Entstehung der Maare in der Eifel, Z. Dtsch. Ges. Geowiss., 136,
141–155, https://doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/136/1985/141, 1985.
Meyer, W.: Geologie der Eifel, 4th Edn., Schweizerbart Science Publishers,
Stuttgart, Germany, ISBN 978-3-510-65279-2, 2013.
Meyer, W. and Stets, J.: Pleistocene to Recent tectonics in the Rhenish
Massif (Germany), Neth. J. Geosci., 81, 217–221,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600022460, 2002.
Muggeo, V. M. R.: segmented: Regression Models with Break-Points/Change-Points Estimation, CRAN [code], https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=segmented, last access: 23 February 2022.
Nesje, A., Søgnen, K., Elgersma, A., and Dahl, S. O.: A Piston Corer for
Lake Sediments, Norsk. Geogr. Tidsskr., 41, 123–125,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00291958708621986, 1987.
Olsson, I. U.: Radometric dating, in: Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology, edited by: Berglund, B. E., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 273–312, ISBN 0 471 90691 3, 1986.
O'Sullivan, P. E.: Annually-laminated lake sediments and the study of
Quaternary environmental changes – a review, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 1,
245–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(83)90008-2, 1983.
Pearson, G. W., Pilcher, J. R., Baillie, M. G. L., and Hillam, J.: Absolute
radiocarbon dating using a low altitude European tree-ring calibration,
Nature, 270, 25–28, https://doi.org/10.1038/270025a0, 1977.
Prasad, S. and Baier, J.: Tracking the impact of mid- to late Holocene
climate change and anthropogenic activities on Lake Holzmaar using an
updated Holocene chronology, Global Planet. Change, 122, 251–264,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.08.020, 2014.
R Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, https://www.r-project.org/, last access: 25 September 2021.
Reimer, P. J., Austin, W. E. N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P. G.,
Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M.,
Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G.,
Hughen, K. A., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J. G.,
Pearson, C., van der Plicht, J., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E.
M., Southon, J. R., Turney, C. S. M., Wacker, L., Adolphi, F., Büntgen,
U., Capano, M., Fahrni, S. M., Fogtmann-Schulz, A., Friedrich, R.,
Köhler, P., Kudsk, S., Miyake, F., Olsen, J., Reinig, F., Sakamoto, M.,
Sookdeo, A., and Talamo, S.: The INTCAL20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon
Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP), Radiocarbon, 62, 725–757,
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2020.41, 2020.
Reinig, F., Wacker, L., Jöris, O., Oppenheimer, C., Guidobaldi, G.,
Nievergelt, D., Adolphi, F., Cherubini, P., Engels, S., Esper, J., Land, A.,
Lane, C., Pfanz, H., Remmele, S., Sigl, M., Sookdeo, A., and Büntgen,
U.: Precise date for the Laacher See eruption synchronizes the Younger
Dryas, Nature, 595, 66–69, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03608-x,
2021.
Renberg, I. and Hansson, H.: A pump freeze corer for recent sediments,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1317–1321,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.6.1317, 1993.
Renberg, I., Persson, M. W., and Emteryd, O.: Pre-industrial atmospheric
lead contamination detected in Swedish lake sediments, Nature, 368,
323–326, https://doi.org/10.1038/368323a0, 1994.
Saarnisto, M.: Long varve series in Finland, Boreas, 14, 133–137,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1985.tb00905.x, 1985.
Saarnisto, M.: Annually laminated lake sediments, in: Handbook of Holocene
palaeoecology and palaeohydrology, edited by: Berglund, B. E., John Wiley
and Sons Ltd, Chichester, 343–370, ISBN 0 471 90691 3, 1986.
Scharf, B.: Limnologische Beschreibung, Nutzung und Unterhaltung von
Eifelmaaren, Ministerium für Umwelt und Gesundheit Rheinland-Pfalz,
Mainz, ISBN 880253746, 1987.
Scharf, B. W. and Oehms, M.: Physical and chemical characteristics, in:
Limnology of Eifel maar lakes. Ergebnisse der Limnologie, Vol. 38, edited
by: Scharf, B. W. and Björk, S., E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 63–83, ISBN 978-3-510-47039-6,
1992.
Schmincke, H.-U.: The Quaternary Volcanic Fields of the East and West Eifel
(Germany), in: Mantle Plumes: A Multidisciplinary Approach, edited by:
Ritter, J. R. R. and Christensen, U. R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,
241–322, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68046-8_8, 2007.
Schmincke, H.-U.: Vulkane der Eifel, 2nd Edn., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2985-8,
2014.
Schnurrenberger, D., Russell, J., and Kelts, K.: Classification of lacustrine
sediments based on sedimentary components, J. Paleolimnol., 29, 141–154,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023270324800, 2003.
Shanahan, T. M., Beck, J. W., Overpeck, J. T., McKay, N. P., Pigati, J. S.,
Peck, J. A., Scholz, C. A., Heil, C. W., and King, J.: Late Quaternary
sedimentological and climate changes at Lake Bosumtwi Ghana: New constraints
from laminae analysis and radiocarbon age modeling, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl.,
361–362, 49–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.001, 2012.
Sirocko, F., Dietrich, S., Veres, D., Grootes, P. M., Schaber-Mohr, K.,
Seelos, K., Nadeau, M.-J., Kromer, B., Rothacker, L., Röhner, M.,
Krbetschek, M., Appleby, P., Hambach, U., Rolf, C., Sudo, M., and Grim, S.:
Multi-proxy dating of Holocene maar lakes and Pleistocene dry maar sediments
in the Eifel, Germany, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 62, 56–76,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.011, 2013.
Stuiver, M., Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Beck, J. W., Burr, G. S., Hughen, K.
A., Kromer, B., McCormac, G., Van Der Plicht, J., and Spurk, M.: INTCAL98
Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000–0 cal BP, Radiocarbon, 40, 1041–1083,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200019123, 1998.
Telford, R., Heegaard, E., and Birks, H.: All age–depth models are wrong:
but how badly?, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 23, 1–5,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.003, 2004.
Trachsel, M. and Telford, R. J.: All age–depth models are wrong, but are
getting better, Holocene, 27, 860–869,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616675939, 2017.
Turkey, C. S. M. and Lowe, J. J.: Tephrochronology, in: Tracking
Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments: Basin Analysis, Coring, and
Chronological Techniques, edited by: Last, W. M. and Smol, J. P., Springer
Netherlands, Dordrecht, 451–471,
https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47669-X_16, 2001.
Vandergoes, M. J., Howarth, J. D., Dunbar, G. B., Turnbull, J. C., Roop, H.
A., Levy, R. H., Li, X., Prior, C., Norris, M., Keller, L. D., Baisden, W.
T., Ditchburn, R., Fitzsimons, S. J., and Bronk Ramsey, C.: Integrating
chronological uncertainties for annually laminated lake sediments using
layer counting, independent chronologies and Bayesian age modelling (Lake
Ohau, South Island, New Zealand), Quaternary Sci. Rev., 188, 104–120,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.015, 2018.
Wright, H. E., Mann, D. H., and Glaser, P. H.: Piston Corers for Peat and
Lake Sediments, Ecology, 65, 657–659, https://doi.org/10.2307/1941430,
1984.
Zolitschka, B.: Spätquartäre Sedimentationsgeschichte des Meerfelder Maares (Westeifel).–Mikrostratigraphie jahreszeitlich geschichteter Seesedimente, E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 38, 87–93, https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.38.1.08, 1988.
Zolitschka, B.: Jahreszeitlich geschichtete Seesedimente aus dem Holzmaar
und dem Meerfelder Maar, Z. Dtsch. Ges. Geowiss., 140, 25–33,
https://doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/140/1989/25, 1989.
Zolitschka, B.: Jahreszeitlich geschichtete Seesedimente ausgewählter
Eifelmaare – paläolimnologische Untersuchung als Beitrag zur spät-
und postglazialen Klima- und Besiedlungsgeschichte, PhD thesis,
Universität Trier, Documenta naturae, 60, 226 pp., 1990.
Zolitschka, B.: Absolute dating of late Quaternary Lacustrine sediments by
high resolution varve chronology, Hydrobiologia, 214, 59–61,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00050932, 1991.
Zolitschka, B.: Climatic change evidence and lacustrine varves from maar
lakes, Germany, Clim. Dynam., 6, 229–232,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00193535, 1992.
Zolitschka, B.: A 14,000 year sediment yield record from western Germany
based on annually laminated lake sediments, Geomorphology, 22, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00051-2, 1998a.
Zolitschka, B.: Paläoklimatische Bedeutung laminierter Sedimente:
Holzmaar (Eifel, Deutschland), Lake C2 (Northwest-Territorien, Kanada) und
Lago Grande di Monticchio (Basilicata, Italien), Habil. thesis,
Universität Potsdam, Relief Boden Paläoklima, 13, 176 pp., 1998b.
Zolitschka, B., Haverkamp, B., and Negendank, J. F. W.: Younger Dryas
Oscillation – Varve Dated Microstratigraphic, Palynological and
Palaeomagnetic Records from Lake Holzmaar, Germany, in: The Last
Deglaciation: Absolute and Radiocarbon Chronologies, edited by: Bard, E. and
Broecker, W. S., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 81–101,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76059-4_6, 1992.
Zolitschka, B., Brauer, A., Negendank, J. F. W., Stockhausen, H., and Lang,
A.: Annually dated late Weichselian continental paleoclimate record from the
Eifel, Germany, Geology, 28, 783–786,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<783:ADLWCP>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Zolitschka, B., Francus, P., Ojala, A. E. K., and Schimmelmann, A.: Varves
in lake sediments – a review, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 117, 1–41,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.019, 2015.
Short summary
Sediment cores from the volcanic lake Holzmaar provide a very precise chronology based on tree-ring-like annual laminations or varves. We statistically combine this varve chronology with radiometric dating and tested three different methods to upgrade the age–depth model. However, only one of the three methods tested improved the dating accuracy considerably. With this work, an overview of different age integration methods is discussed and made available for increased future demands.
Sediment cores from the volcanic lake Holzmaar provide a very precise chronology based on...
